加拿大的转基因食品

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本人只提供信息, 资源共享。不发表自己的观点, 也不回答有关转基因的问题, 因本人不是专家, 只是受众。

各取所需, 需要这方面信息的同学请自取,不需要的同学请忽略本楼。


GE Crops and Foods (On the Market)

It has been 16 years since genetically engineered crops and foods were first introduced into Canada.

Only 4 GE crops are currently grown in Canada:

  1. canola
  2. corn
  3. soy
  4. sugar beet (white sugar beet for sugar processing)
These crops end up on the shelves as processed food ingredients and are also used as biofuel and animal feed. These crops are engineered to be either insect resistant or herbicide tolerant, and many now carry both traits.

We could also be importing a small amount of:

5. GE papaya (from Hawaii)
6. GE squash (some varieties of yellow crookneck squash)
7. GE cottonseed oil
8. milk products made with the use of Bovine Growth Hormone

Though the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada have approved over 50 varieties of 12 GE crops and foods under their category of "Plants with Novel Traits" and "Novel Foods", not all of these are products of genetic engineering. Furthermore, many GE crop varieties that are approved are not on the market in Canada, or anywhere else in the world, such as GE potatoes and tomatoes. See the below lists for the exact breakdown of what genetically engineered seeds farmers in Canada are planting and what GE foods are on our grocery store shelves.



GE Crops Globally
2012: GM crops (predominately corn, soy, and cotton - herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant) are still confined to a handful of countries with highly industrialized, export-oriented agricultural sectors. One country alone - the U.S. - plants 43% of the global GM crop area. 77% of the world's GM crops are planted in the U.S.(43%), Brazil (19%) and Argentina (15%). India (GM cotton) and Canada (GM canola, corn, soy and sugarbeet) both plant 6% of the global acres of GM.

GE Crops in Europe
2011: The only GE crop currently cultivated in the EU is Monsanto's insect resistant (Bt) corn (MON810). In 2010, GE corn was produced in the Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Romania, and Slovakia on a cultivation surface of about 82 000 hectares equaling a 13% decrease compared to 2009. Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Luxembourg have all banned the use and sale of the MON 810 GE corn due to concerns about its long term effects.

使用孟山都转基因产品的公司有:


 
最后编辑: 2014-04-19
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美国科学研究院正式宣布 转基因食品严重危害人体健康
(2011-08-16 23:09:30)

一、危害人体健康。


2009年5月,美国环境医学科学研究院推出报告称:“一些动物实验表明,食用转基因食品有严重损害健康的风险,包括不育,免疫问题,加速老化,胰岛素的调节和主要脏腑及胃肠系统的改变”。美国科学院环境医学研究院得出的结论引起了轰动。


报告强烈建议:转基因食品对病人有严重的安全威胁,号召成员医生不要让他们的病人食用转基因食品,并教育所在社区民众尽量避免食用转基因食品。


对于转基因的的侵害原理,研究院指出:插入到转基因大豆里的基因会转移到生活在我们肠道里的细菌的DNA里面去,并继续发挥作用。这意味着吃了之后,我们虽然不吃转基因食物,在我们体内仍然不断产生有潜在危害的基因蛋白质,“说透彻一点,吃转基因玉米,会把我们的肠道细菌转变成生活着的农药制造厂,可能直至我们死为止”。


报告发布后,美国卫生部2009年底也发表科学论文,指明转基因食品可对内脏造成伤害。据美国国家科学基金会的调研报告显示,多数民众对转基因持有负面态度和怀疑态度。


其实,早在2008年,美国科学家便证实了长时间喂食转基因玉米的小白鼠免疫系统会受到损害,该研究成果发表在同年《农业与食品化学》杂志上。同年4月,美国政府主管食品药品的部门FDA宣布撤消它在数年前颁布的CRY 9C转基因玉米种植的工业指南,主要原因之一,就是该转基因作物对人类健康安全有严重威胁。


世界著名生物学家普什帕米巴尔加在审查了600多个科学期刊后得出结论:转基因生物是令美国人健康急剧恶化的一大因素。


在美国,转基因食品虽然不做标识,但是经过官方鉴定的非转基因食品,也就是天然有机食品都会打上明确标识。


二、产生超级杂草。


不下十种“超级杂草”正在美国22个州至少上百万公顷农田中肆虐。这些农田的共同特点是,都种植了转基因作物,并且使用了孟山都的“农达”专利除草剂。


“我们过去用不了一滴农药就能杀死的小草,如今被转基因转成了对所有农药都刀枪不入的超级大草。”安德森是美国田纳西州西部的农民,从去年开始,他就开始为一种叫做长芒苋的杂草头疼。


这种草每天可以长七八厘米,最高能长到两米多,把农作物全都盖在底下,见不到阳光。这种粗壮的杂草非常结实,收割机经常被它们打坏。


如今,除草剂“滋养”出来的抗除草剂杂草布满了农田,农民被迫喷洒毒性更强的除草剂。遗憾的是所有的除草剂对这种超级杂草都无济于事,孟山都说开发针对这些变异杂草的除草剂还需要6年时间。


农民不可能等6年,为了除草,他们想尽办法,或者干脆用手工除草,在投入几十万美元代价治草依然无效后,不少农民选择放弃。超级杂草在转基因种植区蔓延,一些耕地被迫荒芜。


三、产生超级害虫


美国转基因农田里还出现了“超级虫”。由于转基因作物并不针对次生害虫,这使得一些次生虫渐渐成为作物的主要害虫。而除虫剂让这些害虫有了抗药性,变成超级虫,农民虽然投入更多的药物治理虫害,却仍无济于事。


美国国家科学院说:长期实践证明,所谓防虫害的转基因作物种植需要拿出农田的20%套种同类天然作物,以便让害虫“有饭吃”,避免它们成为抗体“超级害虫”。就是说,转基因作物不但没能防虫害、反而促使原本是小虫害的害虫变成“超级害虫”。


美国国家科学院的报告用16年的实践事实和统计数据明确说明,长期种植转基因作物会给农业经济带来无法纠正弥补的副作用。


四、美国掩盖转基因危害的真相


事实是,早在上世纪90年代初,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)已经对转基因食品安全问题发出警告:转基因食品有内在的危险,并可能制造出难以检测的过敏、新的疾病和营养问题。它敦促美国政府相关部门做严格的长期测试。但是,白宫下令该机构促进生物技术发展。


最终,FDA招募了孟山都的前律师迈克尔泰勒来负责研究出台转基因的政策。这一政策出台后实行至今,政策宣布,任何转基因生物安全性的研究都是不需要的,食品的安全与否全由孟山都和其它生物技术公司来决定,泰勒后来成为孟山都的副总裁。


1992年,美国总统老布什宣布,转基因食品与天然食品实质相同。此后,各届总统的态度都是支持转基因作物开发,奥巴马也不例外。


奥巴马上任后任命孟山都公司的说客伊斯兰西迪基担任白宫农业贸易代表,受到美国社会的猛烈抨击。就此,《纽约时报》发表社论说:“谁是我们的谈判代表?谁才可以真正代表美国农业的广泛意见?”


让运动员兼裁判员,让与转基因有直接利益关系的人来裁定转基因,这就是美国政府的做法。从以上事实可以看出,中国有关部门对转基因采取的态度仿照了美国的办法,与美国完全一致,是一脉相承的。


五、美国应对转基因有安全底线


但值得关注的是,不管如何支持转基因作物开发,美国政府始终有个底线:严防转基因作物侵入现有的天然农业生产系统和天然食品供应系统。美国的天然农田面积远远超过转基因农田面积,而且,转基因农田大部分都是远离天然农业和与世隔绝的新开垦田地。美国法规保障美国有足够质量和数量的天然农田战略储备,即:一旦造成巨大危害而不得不放弃转基因作物和现用农田,美国还有足够的天然农田养活全体美国居民。


现在的问题是:美国设置了转基因安全底线。请问我们的农业部,我们有这样的底线吗?你们是怎样确保中国的粮食安全的?


人们一定会记得被媒体捧得红得发紫的“斗士”对美国在转基因问题上的种种吹嘘。如今真相已经大白于天下,那些热捧不明国籍的阴险“斗士”的媒体难道不应该反思吗?不应该良心发现吗?你们这种对国家对人民不负责任的做法,难道不是犯罪吗?
 
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Apple
The small BC company called Okanagan Specialty Fruits has asked the Canadian and U.S. governments to approve a genetically modified (GM) “non-browning” apple. The GM apple could be approved in 2014. Contamination from GM apples threatens the future of our apples, and the farmers who grow them.



Click here for "Talking Points" to help you discuss the GM apple.
  • Write to the head office of your grocery store and ask them to commit to keep GM apples out of the produce section. Click here for contacts.
  • Write to your provincial agriculture minister and ask them to take action to protect the apple growers in your area from the GM apple.
  • Write or call your federal Member of Parliament. You can look up their contacts using your postal code at www.parl.gc.ca
Talking Points: Talking to your grocery store about the GM apple
  • Order your GM apple info postcards today! Contact us.
GM Apple Closer to Regulatory Approval, Further from Consumer Acceptance

Update, November 7, 2013: McDonald's and Gerber say no to GM apple

ascorbic acid and the public uses lemon juice).
  • Consumers don’t want to eat the GM apple. 69% of Canadians don't want the GM apple approved (according to a 2012 survey conducted for the BC Fruit Growers' Association and the Quebec Apple Producers' Association).
  • The GM apple threatens the market for all apples. The BC Fruit Growers' Association is asking for a moratorium on approval of the GM apple.
  • Possible GM contamination is a risk for apple producers. Organic growers are particularly concerned about contamination from GM apples because GM is prohibited in organic farming.
  • Our government is reviewing the safety of the GM apple in secret, based on company data. The government does not consult with farmers and consumers, and does not consider economic or social concerns before it approves a new GM crop.
See the consumer survey commissioned by the BC Fruit Growers Association and the Quebec Apple Producers Association, July 3, 2012.
has asked for a moratorium on the review of the GM apple.

In 2001, BC apple growers stopped the GM apple from being field tested in Canada. The federal government agricultural station in Summerland in the Okanagan valley, an important fruit growing area, was preparing to start field trials but BC growers who were concerned about contamination stopped these field trials from happening. As a consequence, the company has tested all their apple trees in the U.S.

In September 2011, CBAN and organizations from across BC organized a series of public events to discuss genetic engineering. At an event in Keremeos, Lee McFadyen of Mariposa Organic Farm and the Live Earth Organic Growers Association pointed out that there are already several varieties of apple that are slow to brown. On the GM apple, orchardist Andrea Turner of the Similkameen Okanagan Organic Producers Association said, “The tree fruit industry cannot afford anything silly like that”. Read the concerns of the Similkameen Okanagan Organic Treefruit Growers Association, BC.

The U.S. Apple Association "does not support the approval of this product" and says "Consumers like their apples and are not calling for these new “nonbrowning” cultivars."http://www.usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/consumer-updates-information

"Apples are healthy and nutritious they way they are. Browning is a natural process that results from exposure to oxygen. There are already naturally low-browning apples in the marketplace. In addition if you just put some vitamin C fortified apple juice on sliced or cut apples it will also prevent browning." - Mark Gedris, Director of Membership & Communications for U.S. Apple Association

GM Apple Not Simple, Published in the Western Producer
 
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GM Fish Company Seeks Food Safety Approval in Canada
March 10, 2014. Canadians have confirmation that AquaBounty has asked for approval of itsgenetically modified (GM) salmon for human consumption in Canada.

“Many years into this controversy, Canadians have our first confirmation that Health Canada is assessing the safety of GM salmon for eating, but from the company rather than our own government,” said Lucy Sharratt of the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network (CBAN). “This would be the first GM food animal in the world, but Health Canada refused to confirm or deny that they were spending taxpayers money evaluating this GM fish.”

The latest financial statement from AquaBounty, released March 6, includes confirmation of what the federal government has refused to reveal to Canadians: “The Company continues to seek Environment Canada's approval for the sale of AAS [AquAdvantage Salmon] in Canada for human consumption.” [1] [Please note: AquaBounty names Environment Canada however it is Health Canada that will assess the safety of the GM fish for human consumption.]

In November 2013, the Minister of the Environment announced her decision to allow confined production of the GM fish eggs and fish in Canada, but approval by Health Canada for safe human consumption is required before the GM salmon can be sold as food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is also currently assessing the safety of the GM salmon.

“Like all GM foods, the GM salmon would not be labeled in grocery stores,” said Sharratt, “The GM salmon would be approved in secret and sold in secret.”

In November 2013, CBAN wrote to the Minister of Health, Rona Ambrose, to ask if Health Canada was reviewing the GM salmon for approval. The response, sent from the Director General of the Food Directorate at Health Canada, Samuel B. Godefroy, was that, “the Department is not legally permitted to release information that companies submit and consider confidential, as per 20 (1) of the Access to Information Act. This includes even the mere fact that a submission to the Department has been made.”[2]

Mr. Godefroy further stated that, “The amount of media coverage suggests that Canadians should be well aware of the existence of this product and its potential for introduction to the Canadian market at the conclusion of a safety assessment by Health Canada.”

“We are astonished that Health Canada continues to deny Canadians such basic information and actually suggests media coverage as a replacement for government transparency,” said Sharratt.

A legal challenge to Environment Canada's decision to allow production of the GM salmon was launched earlier this year by Ecology Action Centre and Living Oceans Society.

AquaBounty’s revelation came just as the two largest grocery chains in the U.S., Kroger and Safeway, committed to not carrying the GM fish, if approved by the U.S. government.

-30-

For more information: Lucy Sharratt, Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, 613 809 1103.

Notes to Editors:
[1] AquaBounty Technologies, Inc. Proposed Fundraising and General Meeting, March 6, 2014http://www.londonstockexchange.com/...rket-news-detail.html?announcementId=11885078
[2] Correspondence between Samuel B. Godefroy Director General of the Food Directorate at Health Canada, and Lucy Sharratt, Coordinator, Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, November 27, 2013 http://www.cban.ca/Resources/Topics/GE-Fish/Response-from-Health-Canada-to-CBAN-November-2013
The Canadian Biotechnology Action Network (CBAN) is a campaign coalition of 17 organizations that works to research, monitor and raises awareness about issues relating to genetic engineering in food and farming. Our members include farmer associations, environmental and social justice organizations, and regional coalitions of grassroots groups.
 
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本人不造谣, 只信谣, 传谣。

你也可以把你相信的信息传上来。

没人会传自己都不信的谣言。我只收集自己相信的信息且乐于共享, 别人是相信还是不相信,那是别人的事, 我不care。成年人都有自己的判断力, 你不用替”谣言“着急。况且, 究竟什么是谣言, 不是由你说了算。
 
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你也可以把你相信的信息传上来。

没人会传自己都不信的谣言。我只收集自己相信的信息且乐于共享, 别人是相信还是不相信,那是别人的事, 我不care。成年人都有自己的判断力, 你不用替”谣言“着急。况且, 究竟什么是谣言, 不是由你说了算。

我好像说的是我自己吧, 你着急什么?
 

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