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外汇交易中选择杠杆比例的“小秘密”
要学会做外汇交易,需要了解很多关于外汇相关国家的经济和政治状况,还要了解全球宏观经济和特定市场的波动。然而事实是,给外汇交易新手出难题的,通常不是经济或者全球金融。相反,对于如何使用外汇交易中的杠杆比例缺乏基础的了解,这才是交易亏损的主因。
从很多大型外汇经纪商公布的数据来看,大多数零售外汇交易者都处于亏损中。不合理的使用杠杆比例,通常被视作这些亏损的最大敌人。因此,我们现在就来看看外汇市场高杠杆比例的风险,同时也探讨如何避免这些高风险杠杆比例的方法,希望读者们能对怎样使用合理的杠杆比例有充分的认知。
高杠杆比例的风险
杠杆比例其实就是投资者借款来进行投资或者购买的过程。在外汇交易中,借款资金通常是由经纪商提供的。外汇交易者在经纪商那里获得一定的资金,那么在成功的交易中,他们的盈利也能大大增多。
过去,很多经纪商提供的杠杆比例高达400:1。这就意味着,交易者仅有250美元资金时,凭借这一杠杆比例能够在国际外汇市场进行100,000美元的交易。然而,美国金融监管机构在2010年已经将经纪商所能提供的杠杆比例控制在50:1的范围内。就是说,如果原始投资为250美元,那么交易者可以进行12,500美元的外汇交易。不过,在美国、日本等监管严格国家以外的市场,杠杠比例有多种,诸如100:1、200:1、500:1,甚至有的经纪商推出1000:1这种令人咂舌的杠杠比例。
那么,一个外汇交易新手应该选择低至5:1的杠杆比例,还是要赌一赌,使用50:1的比例呢?在回答这个问题之前,我们很有必要来看看不同的杠杆比例会带来的盈利和亏损的例子。
如果使用最大的杠杆比例
想象一下,A交易者账户中有10,000美元现金。他决定使用50:1的杠杆比例,那么他可以交易500,000美元,相当于外汇交易中的5个标准手。外汇交易大小有3种:标准手、迷你手和微型手(账户类型亦是标准账户、迷你账户及微型账户)。市场波动以点数来定义,每一点在一个标准手中代表10个单位的变化。
A交易者买入5个标准手,那么每一个点的变化相应代表50美元。如果一场交易往不利的方向变化了50个点,那么这个投资者亏损的就是2,500美元(50点乘以50美元)。这部分亏损就相当于这个交易者初始资金10,000美元的25%。
如果使用较小的杠杆比例
让我们再看看B交易者。她使用的是非常保守的杠杆比例,为5:1。假设B交易者的初始资金也是10,000美元现金,那么她可以交易50,000美元,相当于交易中的5个迷你手,每一个迷你手是10,000美元。在一个迷你手中,每一个点代表1美元的变化。既然B交易者有5个迷你手,那么每个点相当于5美元。
如果市场同样往不利的方向变化了50个点,那么同样的计算可以知道,这个交易者亏损的是250美元。而这仅是她初始资金的2.5%。
怎么选择最合适的杠杆比例呢?
大家慢慢地都清楚,投资者在选择杠杆比例之前,一定要再三审视。通常选择杠杆比例最简单的三个方法是:
1. 保持低杠杆比例
2. 使用移动止损来减少亏损和保护资金
3. 将每一个开仓头寸的资金投入控制在总金额的1%到2%
外汇交易者应该选择一个让自己感觉最舒适的杠杆比例。如果你很保守,不喜欢风险太高,或者你还在摸索怎样交易外汇,那么低杠杆比例,比如5:1或者10:1更适合你。
移动止损或者限制止损为交易者提供了一个可靠的方式来降低交易风险。使用限制止损时,即使交易失败了,投资者在限制亏损大小时,依然可以保证能继续学习怎样做外汇交易。这些止损也能有效的避免情绪交易,让他们得以安心得暂时离开交易桌。
底线
选择合适的杠杆比例依赖的是交易者的经验、风险承受力,以及进行外汇交易时的舒适度。交易新手应该首先熟知杠杆比例的定义,在学习交易的过程中保守一些,逐渐累积经验。使用移动止损时,开仓头寸小一些,并限制投入每一个头寸的资金大小,这对于学习管理自己的杠杆比例将是非常良好的开端。
Little Secret of Forex Trading Leverage Ratio Selection
To learn how to do Forex trading, you need to know a lot about the country’s economic and political situation related to Forex, moreover, you also should understand the volatility of global macroeconomic and specific markets. However, the main cause of losing is lack of basic understanding for how to use leverage in Forex trading, which is normally not the economic or global finance.
The majority of retail forex traders are at a loss from the data published of many large forex brokers. The greatest enemy of these losses is generally the irrational use of leverage. Therefore, we explore how to avoid these high-risk leverage approach in the foreign exchange market and hope readers can have full awareness on how to use reasonable proportion.
Risk of high leverage ratio
Leverage ratio is actually the process of borrowing money to invest or purchase for investors. Loan funds are usually provided by the broker in foreign exchange trading. Forex traders can greatly increase profits by successful transaction.
In the past, many brokers offer leverage up to 400:1. It means that traders can trade by virtue of the leverage ratio of $ 100,000 when they only have $ 250 in international foreign exchange markets. However, the leverage ratio has been controlled at 50:1 range by US financial regulatory agencies since 2010. That is, the transaction maybe 12,500 dollars if the original investment is $ 250. But there are many leverage ration such as 100:1, 200:1, 500:1 and even 1000:1 which is staggering leverage ratio outside United States, Japan and so on which have strict market regulation.
Overall, A new Forex trader should select up to 5:1 leverage ratio or 50:1 ratio for gambling, it is necessary to look at examples of different profitable leverage ratio before answering this question.
For Using the Maximum Leverage Ratio
For example, A trader account has $ 10,000 in cash and he decided to trade $ 500,000 by 50:1 leverage ratio, which is equal to the five standard lots in Forex trading. There are standard lots, mini lots and micro lots which the account types are standard accounts, mini accounts and micro accounts. Market volatility is defined by points and each point on behalf of 10 units in a standard change hands.
Each point corresponding change is $ 50 when A trader bough five standard lots. the loss is $ 2,500($ 50 multiplied by 50 points) if a deal changes 50 points to unfavorable direction. This part of the loss is equivalent to 25% of initial funding which is $ 10,000.
For using smaller leverage ratio
B trader used a very conservative leverage ratio which is 5:1. Suppose B trader’s initial capital is $ 10,000 in cash and she can trade $ 50,000, equivalent to transactions 5 mini lots, each mini lot is $ 10,000. In a mini-hands, each point represents $ 1 change. Since B trader has five mini lots, then each point is equivalent to $ 5.
If the market changes 50 points to the unfavorable direction, this trading loss was $ 250 and this is only 2.5% of her initial funds.
How to choose the most appropriate leverage ratio?
The leverage ratio should be repeated scrutiny before investors choose. The three simple ways for leverage ratio selection is:
A. Maintain low leverage ratio
B. Minimize losses and protect capital by trailing stop loss
C. Control the investment funds of each position by 1% or 2%
Forex traders should choose the suitable leverage ratio which can make themselves feel most comfortable. Low leverage ratio is more suitable for you if you are very conservative and don’t like high risk or you are still groping how to trade Forex, such as 5:1 or 10:1.
The reliable way to reduce transaction risk is limit stop loss. Even if the transaction fails when we use limit stop loss, investors still can guarantee to learn Forex trading when the investors limit losses. They can avoid emotional trading effectively by this way.
Baseline
The appropriate leverage ratio selection is based on the experience and risk tolerance of traders. New traders should understand the definition of leverage ratio and conservative to accumulate experience in the learning process of the transaction. Traders should open a small positions and limit each fund of investment positions when using trailing stop loss, which will be good start for managing their leverage ratio.
Disclaimer: this article is written just for education purpose not for any recommendation of trading.