澳大利亚和新西兰怎么对原著居民好法
可不可以讲讲啊?
我觉得美国对原著居民够好的了
处处照顾
而且这次拜等内阁还要一位原著居民部长
Canadian Indian residential school system
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"Aboriginal residential schools" redirects here. For the residential school system in the United States, see
American Indian boarding schools. For other uses, see
Indian school (disambiguation).
The
Qu'Appelle Indian Industrial School in
Lebret, Assiniboia, North-West Territories, c. 1885
In
Canada, the
Indian residential school system[nb 1] was a network of
boarding schools for
Indigenous peoples.
[nb 2] The network was funded by the
Canadian government's
Department of Indian Affairs and administered by
Christian churches. The school system was created for the purpose of removing Indigenous children from the influence of their own culture and
assimilating them into the dominant Canadian culture, "to kill the Indian in the child."
[3][4][5]:42 Over the course of the system's more than hundred-year existence, about 30 percent of Indigenous children (around 150,000) were placed in residential schools nationally.
[6][7]:2–3 The number of school-related deaths remains unknown due to an incomplete historical record, though estimates range from 3,200 to upwards of 6,000.
[8][9]
The system had its origins in laws enacted before
Confederation, but it was primarily active from the passage of the
Indian Act in 1876. An amendment to the
Indian Act in 1894 made attendance at
day schools,
industrial schools, or residential schools compulsory for
First Nations children. Due to the remote nature of many communities, school locations meant that for some families, residential schools were the only way to comply. The schools were intentionally located at substantial distances from Indigenous communities to minimize contact between families and their children. Indian Commissioner
Hayter Reed argued for schools at greater distances to reduce family visits, which he thought counteracted efforts to civilize Indigenous children. Parental visits were further restricted by the use of a
pass system designed to confine Indigenous peoples to
reserves. The last federally operated residential school,
Gordon's Indian Residential School in
Punnichy, Saskatchewan, was closed in 1996. Schools operated in every province and territory with the exception of
New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island.
[10]
The schools aimed to eliminate Indigenous language and culture and replace it with English language and Christian beliefs. Pictured is Fort Resolution, NWT.
The residential school system harmed Indigenous children significantly by
removing them from their families, depriving them of their
ancestral languages, exposing many of them to
physical and
sexual abuse. Students were also subjected to
forced enfranchisement as "assimilated" citizens that removed their legal identity as Indians. Disconnected from their families and culture and forced to speak English or French, students who attended the residential school system often graduated being unable to fit into their communities but remaining subject to racist attitudes in mainstream Canadian society. The system ultimately proved successful in disrupting the transmission of Indigenous practices and beliefs across generations. The legacy of the system has been linked to an increased prevalence of
post-traumatic stress,
alcoholism,
substance abuse, and suicide, which persist within Indigenous communities today.
On June 11, 2008,
Prime Minister Stephen Harper offered a public apology on behalf of the Government of Canada and the leaders of the other
federal parties in the
House of Commons. Nine days prior, the
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established to uncover the truth about the schools. The commission gathered about 7,000 statements from residential school survivors
[nb 3] through public and private meetings at various local, regional and national events across Canada. Seven national events held between 2008 and 2013 commemorated the experience of former students of residential schools. In 2015, the TRC concluded with the establishment of the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, and the publication of a multi-volume report detailing the testimonies of survivors and historical documents from the time. The TRC report concluded that the school system amounted to
cultural genocide.
加拿大的最后一个Indian Residential School是90年代才关闭，距离现在也就20多年。
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