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Safety Guidelines for the Protection of Personnel
In Securing the Safe Disposal of Dead Birds
[FONT=宋体]安全处理死禽的个人防护指导[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]本文目的是为那些参与处理可能被禽流感病毒感染的死禽的员工提供相关健康安全信息。[/FONT]
Routes of Infection: [FONT=宋体]感染途径[/FONT]
In disease caused by Avian Influenza viruses the eyes are particularly vulnerable to infection from airborne infective particles or rubbing eyes with hands after handling infective material. Infection of other systems such as lungs is most likely to occur through inhalation of dust from faecal material.
[FONT=宋体]禽流感感染中，眼睛特别容易受到空气污染颗粒物或接触污染的手，[/FONT] [FONT=宋体]而触发感染。其它系统，如肺部，则很可能由于吸入禽类排泄物的粉尘而致。[/FONT]
Risk Management [FONT=宋体]风险管理[/FONT]
To minimize risk of infection from dead birds any employee who discovers any dead birds should not handle and dispose of them.
[FONT=宋体]为了降低被感染的风险，任何员工在发现任何死禽时都不应自行处理。[/FONT]
They should inform the HSE Department who in turn will liaise with government agencies that dead bird(s) have been found on the site.
[FONT=宋体]他们应立即通知[/FONT]HSE[FONT=宋体]经理，后者应与当地政府部门联系，告知发现了死禽。[/FONT]
Where the dead bird(s) are found site personnel should secure the area prior to handling and disposal of the carcass according to the following guidelines:
[FONT=宋体]在处理死禽前，员工应按照下述程序，以保护死禽现场：[/FONT]
Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Dead Birds Carcasses
[FONT=宋体]处理死禽死体指导原则：[/FONT]
If you encounter sick or dead birds for the first time and are unsure of the situation, don’t expose yourself to the risk and inform the management immediately. [FONT=宋体]若你首次发现病禽或死禽，并对具体情形没有把握，应立即通则管理层，而不能自己冒险行事。[/FONT]
Before handling the carcasses, please prepare the following necessary materials:
[FONT=宋体]在处理死体前，请准备下列物品：[/FONT]
- Disposable rubber gloves [FONT=宋体]一次性橡胶手套[/FONT]
- Eye protection [FONT=宋体]眼睛保护设备[/FONT]
- Protective disposable respirator mask [FONT=宋体]一次性呼吸防护罩[/FONT]
- Disposable plastic apron /gown or disposable non porous paint suit
[FONT=宋体]一次性塑料巾[/FONT]/[FONT=宋体]长外套，或者无空漆工外套[/FONT] - Rubber boots [FONT=宋体]橡胶靴子[/FONT]
- Bucket of warm water & mop [FONT=宋体]盛拖把的热水桶[/FONT]
- Household bleach solution [FONT=宋体]家庭用消毒液[/FONT]
- Disposable absorbent towels [FONT=宋体]一次性吸湿巾[/FONT]
- Tough plastic bags [FONT=宋体]坚固的塑料袋[/FONT]
- Tie wraps [FONT=宋体]包扎品[/FONT]
Personal Protection [FONT=宋体]个人防护[/FONT]
- Avoid direct contact with the carcass, blood and body fluid discharged from the dead bird. Fluid or spray contact with eyes is a significant exposure risk. Therefore the eye protection should be worn at all time when handling dead birds.
[FONT=宋体]避免接触死禽的死体、血、或从死体中流出的任何液体。体液或飞沫若接触眼睛，感染风险很高。因此，处理死禽时必须一直带眼罩。[/FONT] - To reduce the respiratory risks suitable and appropriate Respiratory Protective Equipment and Eye Protection should be worn. (Disposable FFP 3 face piece respirator with exhalation valve in conjunction with close fitting goggles or a powered respirator)
[FONT=宋体]为了降低呼吸系统风险，应佩戴合适的呼吸保护器及眼罩[/FONT]([FONT=宋体]如一次性三件套呼吸器，包括呼吸阀、防护镜及电动呼吸器[/FONT]) - Disposable surgical type rubber/vinyl gloves should be worn
[FONT=宋体]应戴一次性外科手套橡胶或乳胶手套[/FONT] - Lightweight disposable overalls with hoods
[FONT=宋体]轻型带头罩的工作套装[/FONT] - Rubber boots which can be effectively cleaned and disinfected
[FONT=宋体]易有效清洗和消毒的橡胶靴[/FONT] - Hair net or cap
[FONT=宋体]发套[/FONT] - Disposable plastic aprons/paint suits when splashing or contamination of clothing is expected.
[FONT=宋体]若可能有飞溅和污染衣服，则应配备一次性塑料巾或漆工外套[/FONT]
Personal Protective Equipment must be in working order and fit correctly.
[FONT=宋体]个人防护用品必须与工序相适应，并且很合身。[/FONT]
B. Handling and Disposal of Dead Bird (not to be tested further for Avian Influenza) [FONT=宋体]处理和丢弃死禽[/FONT] ([FONT=宋体]此方法用于不作进一步的禽流感测试[/FONT])
- Cover the dead bird with disposable absorbent towels soaked with 1 part household bleach in 4 parts water for 15 mins.
[FONT=宋体]将一次性毛巾浸泡在[/FONT]1:4[FONT=宋体]的家庭用消毒液[/FONT]15[FONT=宋体]分钟后，[/FONT][FONT=宋体]取出覆盖在死禽上。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]用湿巾将死禽包起，并同时清除所有从死禽流出的体液。[/FONT]
- Dispose of the dead bird into a tough plastic bag.
[FONT=宋体]将死体移入一坚固的塑料袋内。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]将用过的手套和塑料布放入同一塑料袋内，并小心包扎好。[/FONT]
5. Spray the outer surface of the bag with disinfectant.
[FONT=宋体]用消毒液喷洒在塑料袋表面。[/FONT]
- The tied up bag with dead bird should then be placed into another tough plastic bag as outer bag and tie up securely again (double bagged).Then wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or clean hands with disinfectant containing 70% alcohol.
[FONT=宋体]将扎好的塑料袋放入另一新塑料袋后再扎好[/FONT]([FONT=宋体]双层包扎[/FONT])[FONT=宋体]，然后用肥皂彻底洗手，或用[/FONT]70%[FONT=宋体]的酒精擦手消毒[/FONT] - Remove the disposable FFP 3 respirator and place in third bag. This should then be placed over the secured bags and tied then wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or clean hands with disinfection items containing 70% alcohol.
[FONT=宋体]将呼吸防护三件套脱下放入另一塑料袋，与前述的塑料袋放在一起。然后用肥皂洗手，或用含[/FONT]70%[FONT=宋体]的酒精擦手消毒[/FONT] - The securely sealed up dead bird bag should be labelled as bio-hazardous and should be treated as medical waste- preferably incinerated, or passed on to medical or veterinary authorities for disposal.
[FONT=宋体]封好的装有死禽的塑料袋应标上生物有害标签，并与医疗废物一样处理，最好是焚烧掉，或者交给医疗或兽医权威部门处理[/FONT] - Wash hands thoroughly again afterwards with soap and water or clean hands with disinfectant containing 70% alcohol.
[FONT=宋体]再次用肥皂彻底洗手，或用酒精消毒[/FONT] - An area of not less than five meters squared should be secured and barricaded off for storage of bagged/containerized birds. There should be at least two meters between stored birds and the perimeter of the secured area. After removal to incineration or Government labs, the area should remain secure for at least 48 hrs after removal. Disinfection should follow of the area.
[FONT=宋体]堆放装有死禽塑料袋的地方应该围起，并至少有[/FONT]5[FONT=宋体]平方米大。围护边境至塑料袋的距离至少要[/FONT]2[FONT=宋体]米。将死禽焚烧或交与政府后，应对该地区进行消毒，并继续围护至少[/FONT]48[FONT=宋体]小时。[/FONT]
C. Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
[FONT=宋体]环境消毒[/FONT]
Mop or clean the potentially contaminated environmental surfaces e.g. floor, platform, stairs etc. with diluted household bleach (1 part household bleach in 49 parts water)
[FONT=宋体]应用稀释的消毒液[/FONT](1:49)[FONT=宋体]清洗可能污染的环境，如地面、平台、楼梯等。[/FONT]
D. Additional Precautions
[FONT=宋体]其它防护措施[/FONT]
1. Take a shower immediately when splashed by potential infectious materials.
[FONT=宋体]当有可能被污染时，应立即冲淋。[/FONT]
2. All accidents e.g. prick or cut arising from handling of the dead birds must be reported to the supervisor and medical consultation should be sought as soon as possible.
[FONT=宋体]若在处理死禽时被刺伤或是划伤，必须汇报给主管，并尽快寻求有关医疗咨询。[/FONT]
