加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

[Porphyry]

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1386331.htm?fromId=281311

英文叫wood tick

下面是主要内容，Youtube上也有很多病例，真令人恐怖、恶心呀！


蜱（pí）也叫壁虱，鳖吃，俗称草扒子、狗鳖、草别子、牛虱、隐翅虫、草蜱虫、狗豆子、牛鳖子、草爬子。蛰伏在浅山丘陵的草丛、植物上，或寄宿于牲畜等动物皮毛间。不吸血时，小的才干瘪绿豆般大小，也有极细如米粒的；吸饱血液后，有饱满的黄豆大小，大的可达指甲盖大。蜱叮咬的无形体病属于传染病，人对此病普遍易感，与危重患者有密切接触、直接接触病人血液等体液的医务人员或其陪护者，如不注意防护，也可能感染。蜱是许多种脊椎动物体表的暂时性寄生虫，是一些人兽共患病的传播媒介和贮存宿主。截至2011年6月份，2011年中国已有河南省、湖北省、山东省、安徽省、江苏等省报告“蜱虫病”病例280多人，死亡10余人。

一旦被蜱虫叮咬千万不可用手强拔
1．有小手指甲盖那么大小，掉到人身上后会往身上钻，用头部钻入皮肤。
2．蜱叮咬人后会散发一种麻醉物质，再将头埋在皮肤内吸血，同时它分泌一种可以对人体有害的物质。钻入人体需及时取出。若不及时取出：轻者，数年后遇阴雨天气，患处便瘙痒难忍。重者，高烧不退、深度昏迷、抽搐，引发森林脑炎。

某电视台曾播出有两例患者，其中一例是自行取出将头留在了皮肤，治好后全身瘫痪无力不能自行站立。

由于蜱虫主要栖息在草地、树林中，因此外出游玩时最好在暴露的皮肤上喷涂罗浮山百草油或是驱蚊液，尽量避免在野外长时间坐卧。注意做好个人防护，穿紧口、浅色、光滑的长袖衣服。蜱虫常会附着在人体的头皮、腰部、腋窝、腹股沟及脚踝下方等部位。


如果发现蜱虫附着在身体上，不能立即用镊子等工具将其除去，因为蜱虫体上可能含有传染性病原体，在受到刺激后，蜱虫会越发往体内钻，并加大剂量地释放蜱虫唾液，所以直接用工具将蜱虫摘除或是用手指将其捏碎的方法是非常不正确的，民间还有些诸如用火烧蜱虫屁股等方法均不可取。

正确的方法是赶紧找到最近的正规医院，叮嘱医生在叮咬处消毒后进行局部麻醉，麻醉起效后才可用镊子将蜱虫去除（注意蜱虫口器里的倒刺不能留在体内），之后赶紧进行入院观察治疗，并注射相应的抗病毒药物，在度过潜伏期之后，身体无发病症状后再出院，若出院后身体不适应及时就医，并一定要把被蜱虫叮咬的事告诉医生，切记这段话。

有小手指甲盖那么大小，掉到人身上后往皮肤里钻，钻到大脑就完了。蜱虫叮咬人后会散发一种麻醉，将头埋在皮肤内吸血，同时它分泌有一种可以对人体有害的物质。钻入人体需及时取出。若不及时取出：轻者，数年后遇阴雨天气，患者便瘙痒难忍。重者，高烧不退、深度昏迷、抽搐，引发森林脑炎。

特别提醒

遛狗人：在草坪等地，甚至小区草坪遛狗时请注意，蜱虫易叮咬爱犬，从而带至家中。
钓鱼人：尤其是野钓者，要扎紧裤管。
野游人：长衣长裤，勿入杂草树木丛中。

 

[ginkgo]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

出门hiking别忘了穿gaitor! 染上lyme病可不好玩儿。

 

[张军]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

这玩意儿好像是美国东海岸新英格兰一带的东西，怎么温哥华也发现有了吗？不要吓到我了。

__________________
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[ginkgo]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

请看 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/ticksbc.htm

 

[Porphyry]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

出门hiking别忘了穿gaitor! 染上lyme病可不好玩儿。

gaitor ，是绑腿的意思吧。


莱姆病(Lyme)是一种由伯氏疏螺旋体引起的人畜共患蜱媒传染病，临床表现主要有游走性红斑、脑膜脑炎、颅神经炎、心肌炎、关节炎、慢性萎缩性皮

 

[Porphyry]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

这玩意儿好像是美国东海岸新英格兰一带的东西，怎么温哥华也发现有了吗？不要吓到我了。

我当时只知道BC内陆干燥地区有。一查资料，的确令人恐怖：这坏东西会不知不觉钻进人体，还会导致瘫痪、死亡！

看4楼的资料得知：


In British Columbia, this tick occurs in the interior dry belt from the United States border north as far as Williams Lake and eastward into Alberta.It is not found west of the Coast Range mountains.

The Western Black-legged tick is very common during the spring and early summer. It occurs on vegetation in warm, moist areas on Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, and along the mainland coast between the United States border and Powell River. Its eastward range extends along the Fraser River to Yale and north to Boston Bar.


[FONT=宋体]温哥华应该无大碍，防患于未然吧：

When resting, sit on a bare rock, a ground sheet, or a vegetation-free area instead of stretching out on vegetation.
[/FONT]

 

[Porphyry]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

请看 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/ticksbc.htm

非常感谢ginkgo提供的资料！

 

[Porphyry]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

请看 http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/ticksbc.htm

我把主要内容用绿色标出来了。


There are more than 20 species of ticks in British Columbia, but only three species normally bite humans. Although the bites may sometimes be painful and slow healing, there is little danger of disease provided they are removed promptly.Adult ticks are distinguished from insects by having eight legs rather than six. They cannot jump or fly and do not drop from trees. Ticks require blood as a source of protein for egg development.
There is no need to fear or avoid tick-infested country. A few simple precautions, outlined in this pamphlet, will decrease the likelihood of tick bites.
The Rocky Mountain Wood Tick (Dermacentor andersoni)

In British Columbia, this tick occurs in the interior dry belt from the United States border north as far as Williams Lake and eastward into Alberta.It is not found west of the Coast Range mountains. The Rocky Mountain wood tick is a three-host tick, a new host being sought for each one of its three feedings which occur over a period of 1 to 3 years. Usually rodents and other small animals serve for the first two feedings, and large animals such as deer, cattle, dogs, sheep and humans serve as the host for the last feeding. This tick is most frequently encountered between March and June, usually in open, rocky areas.
The adult female is reddish-brown with a white "shield" near the front, and the similarly sized male is mottled-grey in colour. Both sexes "quest" for hosts by waiting near the top of grass and low shrubs, readily attaching to passing humans or animals that brush against them. Once on a host they climb upwards, giving rise to the erroneous observation that they have dropped from trees. If the quest is unsuccessful, the ticks return to the ground until the next spring. Ticks successful in finding a host attach their mouthparts to the skin by means of a rapidly hardening cement. Feeding females quickly increase in size, excreting a mass of black bloodwaste during the process. When they reach the size of a swollen raisin they drop to the ground and, after several weeks, lays a few thousand eggs and dies.
Although the Rocky Mountain wood tick is a known carrier of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia, and Colorado tick fever in the United States, these diseases rarely occur in Canada. However, in British Columbia this tick causes a disease in man and animals called tick paralysis.
The disease is characterized by increasing uncoordination and eventual collapse. The first symptoms, usually a numbness in the feet and legs causing difficulty in walking and standing, occur after a female tick has been feeding for about 5 days. The hands and arms are usually affected next and there is often partial paralysis of the throat and tongue muscles, resulting in difficulty swallowing and speaking. There is little pain and usually no fever. Complete recovery occurs when the tick is removed if paralysis has not progressed too far, but death may occur if the tick is overlooked. There is no known antidote for tick paralysis. The nature of the toxin, likely secreted by the female during feeding, is not known.

Life Cycle of Dermacentor andersoni


The Western Black-legged Tick (Ixodes pacificus)
The Western Black-legged tick is very common during the spring and early summer. It occurs on vegetation in warm, moist areas on Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, and along the mainland coast between the United States border and Powell River. Its eastward range extends along the Fraser River to Yale and north to Boston Bar.
The red and black females and smaller black males attach to humans, deer, cats and dogs, becoming grey and bean-like in size as they feed. The bite is often painful and may result in a slow-healing ulcer. This tick does not cause paralysis; however, it is a carrier of the microorganism responsible for Lyme disease in North America. The organism which causes Lyme Disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, has been found in ticks collected from many areas of B.C. over the last 6-8 years, and health authorities now believe that Lyme Disease carrying ticks may be present throughout the province. To date in British Columbia there have been over 60 confirmed cases of Lyme Disease. Of these, 20 cases had no record of travel outside of the province, and the disease is considered to have been contracted in B.C. For more information on Lyme Disease, see the B.C. Centre for Disease Control web site.
Other Ticks
Many other British Columbia ticks feed only on a narrow range of hosts such as squirrels, rabbits, groundhogs and birds. Probably the one most commonly encountered by man is the winter tick. It feeds on moose, deer, horses and cattle during the winter but, while it may brush off onto humans, it will not feed on man.
Winter Tick

The brown dog tick is a reddish-brown species that attacks dogs, usually feeding around the ears and between the toes. It rarely feeds on humans. This species may be found around cracks and baseboards in homes after dropping off a dog.
Removal of Attached Ticks

Many methods have been developed over the years for removing feeding ticks which connect themselves to their host with small, barbed mouthparts. Ticks do not burrow under the skin. A number of the more drastic techniques such as using a hot cigarette, gasoline, or hot matches to induce the tick to detach itself are unreliable and may cause injury to the person involved. Ticks are most safely and effectively removed by a slow and gentle pull without twisting, using tweezers or fingers. This will normally remove the tick with the mouthparts attached. The wound should be treated with an antiseptic.
Personal Protection

The following precautions will decrease the likelihood of tick attachment.
Wear high boots or tuck pant cuffs into socks. Tuck shirt into pants. Do not wear short pants. Application of commercial insect repellents containing diethyl toluamide (DEET) to the pants may assist in repelling ticks.
If possible, avoid game trails or old roads overgrown or closely lined with vegetation. Tick levels may be high in areas frequented by animals.
When resting, sit on a bare rock, a ground sheet, or a vegetation-free area instead of stretching out on vegetation.
Make daily examinations for ticks, paying particular attention to the pubic region, the base of the skull, and the scalp. Check the backs of everyone in the group and carefully inspect any children. Clothes should be closely examined for ticks, especially near the collar, after they have been hanging overnight.
If you have the following symptoms within days or weeks after being bitten by a tick, please report them to your family doctor immediately. Tell your doctor when and where you were bitten by a tick. If possible, keep any removed ticks and take them to your doctor who may need to have the ticks identified. Ticks can be stored in any sealed container in a fridge or freezer.
General symptoms of fever headache, muscle and joint pains, fatigue or weakness of the muscles of the face.
Skin rash, especially one that looks like a "Bull's Eye". It may or may not be where the bite was.
In some cases paralysis may occur. The paralysis usually starts in the feet and legs and gradually works its way up to the upper body, arms and head. This paralysis can develop from within a few hours to several days.
Area Tick Control
Elimination of ticks over large areas is not feasible. However, it is possible to significantly reduce the probability of tick attacks in parks and resorts by concentrating control efforts on walks and trails. Insecticides applied to the ground and vegetation a few feet on either side of a trail may result in season-long control as ticks do not move far.
Removal of brush and other vegetation may also reduce the number of ticks along trails or in picnic areas.
Revised by:
H.G. Philip, Entomologist
Crop Protection Program
Plant Industry Branch
Kelowna

 

[张军]

回复: 加拿大树多草多，夏季户外注意防蜱虫

完了，经常去露营的地方也被包进去了。就这儿家庭医生的水平，恐怕是没治了。

__________________
张军验屋 -- 温哥华专业验屋师 --（604) 649-3255
最新博客：验房师的无奈
最近网友评价：http://forum.iask.ca/showthread.php?t=655620
http://forum.iask.ca/showthread.php?t=651681
http://forum.iask.ca/showthread.php?t=510019