职业定位秘笈

[FONT=宋体]1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]移民局对工作经验的要求及与NOC的关系:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]加拿大技术移民工作经验最低要求([/FONT]Minimum Work Experience Requirements):


You must meet the following minimum work experience requirements to be eligible to apply as a skilled worker:[FONT=宋体]技术移民加拿大,必须符合以下工作经验的前提要求:[/FONT]


You must have at least one continuous year of full-time, paid work experience or the equivalent in part-time continuous employment. [FONT=宋体]申请人必须具备最低一年全职(或折合成一年全职)、有偿的工作经验。全职工作的定义为每年1950个小时。[/FONT]


Your work experience must be in the category of Skill Type 0, or Skill Level A or B on the Canadian National Occupational Classification (NOC).. [FONT=宋体]职业为NOC 中的技术类别0类职业或技术等级A、B级职业,否则工作不予承认。[/FONT]


You must have had this experience within the last 10 years.[FONT=宋体]必须是过去[/FONT]10[FONT=宋体]年获得。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体][/FONT]​

[FONT=宋体]2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]概述[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC (National Occupational Classification)[/FONT][FONT=宋体]是加拿大人力资源与社会发展部(HRSDC)编篡的职业描述大全。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]四位编码体系:NOC 编码的两个主要因素是技术类型和技术等级。编码规则为:第一位数代表职业类别,第二位数代表职业等级(管理类职业除外),第三、四位数代表编码。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术类型(skill type)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]为四位编码的第一位数。NOC 共划分10个类型:[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]0类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业(Management Occupations ):所有此类职业都被移民局认可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]1类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]商业、财务、管理类职业(business,finance and administrative occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]自然科学、应用科学及相关职业(natural and applied sciences and related occupations )[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]医学类职业(Health Occupations)。本类职业虽为开放职业,但为加拿大排外类职业(Exclusive occupation),加拿大对在加拿大或美国以外取得的医学类学历都不承认,所以申请人移民后从事本职业的可能性微乎其微,因此可以推测本类职业是不受欢迎的职业…[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]社会科学、教育、政府科学及宗教类职业(Occupations in social Science, Education, Government Service Occupation)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]5类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]文化教育、体育、娱乐业(Occupations in Art, culture, recreation and sport)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]6类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]销售及服务业(sales and service occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]7类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]手工业、运输业、设备操作工及相关职业(trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]8类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]初级工业类职业(occupations unique to primary industry)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]9类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]加工、制造及设备业(occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities) [/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]2.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业Management Occupations [/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]管理类职业没有分配技术等级项目。该类职业并不看重教育和培训,而是看重其它因素如以前经验、在企业里的所有权、资金、知识产权、决策权、组织能力等因素。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]此类职业在做投资移民申请,无论是联邦投资、魁省投资还是省提名项目,都有极其重要的意义。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]管理类职业跨越所有九项技术类别。[/FONT]NOC[FONT=宋体]四位编码为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”。如果第二位也为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”,则表示高级管理;此外,第二位编码([/FONT]1-9[FONT=宋体])代表其相应的所属行业。[/FONT]


管理类职业没有技术等级(skill level).此类职业的定位不看重从业者的教育背景,而更加看重其它因素如经验、在企业里的所有权情况、决策力、组织能力等。该类职业跨越所有的行业。

[FONT=宋体]2.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术等级(skill level)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]四位编码的第二位数。若该位数是“1”,则为A级, 需要大学以上学历(学士以上学历)(university degree; bachelor’s, master’s or post-graduate);若该位数为“2”则为B级,需两年以上中学后教育、培训、学徒(two to three years of post-secondary education at community college, institute of technology; or two to four years of apprenticeship training; or three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, training courses or specific work experience) ,3、4为C、D级,需中学教育即可,原则上是不被移民局接受的职业(但某些特种职业如消防员等,虽然第三位数为“3”,但仍归为B类职业而作为认可的职业)。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]移民类的职业其技术等级必须为A或B类,否则其工作经验不被承认。参见矩阵图。[/FONT]

Chart: The 4 skill levels (both alphabetic characters and numerical values) used in the NOC.
NOC Skill Levels


Skill Level
(alpha)



Skill Level (digit)


Nature of Education/Training


A
Occupations usually require university education.



1

  • University degree at the bachelor's or master's or doctorate level.
B
Occupations usually require college education or apprenticeship training.



2 or 3

  • Two to three years of post-secondary education at a community college, institute of technology or CEGEP; or
  • Two to five years of apprenticeship training; or
  • Three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
  • Occupations with supervisory responsibilities and occupations with significant health and safety responsibilities, such as firefighters, police officers and registered nursing assistants are all assigned the skill level B.
C
Occupations usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training



4 or 5

  • One to four years of secondary school education; or
  • Up to two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
D
On-the-job training is usually provided for occupations



6

  • Short work demonstration or on-th-job training; or
  • No formal educational requirements.
[FONT=宋体]3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]阅读说明[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业大项下第一段是本行业的总职责描述及服务处所类型,定义时可作参考。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第二段是职业名称举例(部分)(examples of titles), 每一职业的定义在NOC书上仅列举出了部分职业名称。在NOC网站上可以查到所有的职业名称(clip “view all titles”)。许多职业只能在网站上查找。如进出口业务员(6221)、广告与管理顾问(1122)、IT类职业尤其是计算机程序员(包括软件开发员)。有时为了准确定位,需要查看其职务是否在列出的所有职务上。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第三段为主要职责(main duties),说明从事该类职业的人其工作职责应包括以下几项或所有职责(xxx perform some or all of the following duties)。事实上很少有申请人从事的职业其职责能符合所有NOC职责描述的,因此我们只要保证申请人工作职责符合NOC中的几项即可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第四部分为就业要求(employment requirements)。仅供我们定位时参考,而不需要考虑申请人是否满足其要求。移民局特别提出:申请人不需要符合就业要求(CIC NOTE: you do NOT need to meet the employment requirement), 如注册要求(如会计)、学历要求(如xx家、翻译等)等。 [/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第五部分为其它信息(additional information),这部分对申请人准备材料时也有帮助,尤其是职业机动性(mobility;如工程师类)和是否可作为管理人员(progression to xxx is possible with additional training, or experience, etc. )。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第六部分为参见(classified elsewhere),供我们在确定职业定位时参考。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]职业定位[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]只要申请所从事的职业是在移民局认可的职业列表上,均可得工作经验分。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一申请人可以从事过一个以上职业,每个职业的从业年限无限制。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业定位时仅考虑申请人的工作职责是否与NOC所描述和职业全部或部分相符,而不考虑其“就业要求”(employment requirement)如学历及注册等要求。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]在管理类职业时(skill type 0),尤其要慎重,不能被其表面现象迷惑,应看其是否真正从事的是管理职责、其管理职责与技术职责的比重、甚至工作单位的规模等都应考虑。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]客户材料往往显示的是职务(position)或名称(title),我们定位时应排除对职业的干扰,揭示出其真正的职业及职责,突出其技术。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]工程类的职业定位时注意事项参照资料部关于申请CCPE认证的通知。需要注意的是,许多工程师类其职业的机动性很大,可以做管理、销售、市场、技术支持、培训等(engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practice in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management).[/FONT]
4.7. [FONT=宋体]职业定位技巧:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]以下tips 来自NOC网站上的培训材料,为方便阅读,现将中英文对照列出。[/FONT]



u Apprentices are coded in the same group as qualified workers. [FONT=宋体]学徒工作为认可职业定位[/FONT]
u Residents and articling students are coded in their respective professional groups.
uSupervisors of professionals are usually classified within the occupational group they supervise, in skill level A. [FONT=宋体]专业人士的主管应定位为同专业的技术等级[/FONT]A
uSupervisors of other occupations are usually classified in specific unit groups in skill level B within the same skill type as those supervised. [FONT=宋体]其它职业的主管应在同职业类定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uSelf-employed contractors and supervisors in most industries are usually classified as skill level B. [FONT=宋体]多数行业的自雇承包商及监理定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uManagement occupations start with 0, and for middle and other management occupations, the second digit (1 to 9) of the major group classification indicates the skill type, rather than skill level. [FONT=宋体]以[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]为开头的管理类职业,第二位数代表其从事之行业[/FONT]
uIn certain cases, you may consider the wage that a person is making to help you code their occupation. For example, a person may indicate that they work as a manager in a retail store. If the person is making minimum wage, this may be an indication that the occupation is supervisory rather than managerial. [FONT=宋体](不适用)[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]快速定位技巧:先根据行业所属(skill type)找到对应的行业,根据职业等级找其定位;然后若感觉此定位偏高、偏低或不太确切,则可看该职业描述的最后一部分“参见其它职业”(Classified elsewhere), 再察看其职责是否相符。[/FONT]
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

谢谢,非常有用,如果我早看到此类描述,在职业定位时就不会花费那么多的精力和时间,最后还是在家园TZ的帮助下才定下来!
顶起来给后来人看!
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

学习学习~ 问个若若问题,这个职业定位,和移民有啥关系呢?算那个67分会加分么?而且,我们的职业,对方会承认么?
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

学习学习~ 问个若若问题,这个职业定位,和移民有啥关系呢?算那个67分会加分么?而且,我们的职业,对方会承认么?

申请技术移民加拿大,前提条件是申请人至少一年的全职的、从事加拿大职业分类书中所描述的技术类别为0类(管理类)或技术等级为A或B级(通常需要专科以上的学历类职业),否则无资格申请。

符合前提条件后,工作经历根据以上的标准按照工作年限进行打分,一年15分,每加一年加2分,四年及以上可得满分21分。

现在加拿大移民部正在讨论针对技术移民的移民法修改。修改通过后,对职业将会根据加拿大劳动力市场的需求情况,有更加明确的要求,如果职业属于高需求职业,则申请人有望一年左右移民加拿大。
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

谢谢小蛇的回复~。。。偶已经连续工作八年了~ 属于老同志了~ 嘿嘿
嗯,请教下,哪些属于高需求职业?thank you
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

谢谢小蛇的回复~。。。偶已经连续工作八年了~ 属于老同志了~ 嘿嘿
嗯,请教下,哪些属于高需求职业?thank you
在目前移民部进行修改移民法还没有通过、局势一切还不明朗的情况,如果断言哪些是高需求的职业,是一种不负责任的态度。但是,目前唯一可以断定的是医生类职业,因为这一职业移民部长范茵莉在4月8日的新闻发言中点出了这一职业。但即使医生属于高需求职业,那来自中国的医生申请人就符合要求、快速移民呢?CIC是不是也会象澳洲技术移民那样,进行资格评估、通过后才能移民呢?目前还不好说,因为我们当然应该记得,在2002年6月28日以前,以工程师/工程技师职业的移民,都需要通过CCPE认证。

如果修改法通过后,移民部长会根据当前人力资源及社会发展部、工会、用人单位等所提供的劳动力市场信息,制定出紧缺职业名单,通过内阁审议通过后,发给全球的CIC使领馆执行。

所以,移民法修改案究竟能否通过,通过后如何执行,何谓高需求职业,一切都还是未知数,让我们共同拭目以待。:wdb9:
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

:wdb1:
[FONT=宋体]1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]移民局对工作经验的要求及与NOC的关系:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]加拿大技术移民工作经验最低要求([/FONT]Minimum Work Experience Requirements):


You must meet the following minimum work experience requirements to be eligible to apply as a skilled worker:[FONT=宋体]技术移民加拿大,必须符合以下工作经验的前提要求:[/FONT]


You must have at least one continuous year of full-time, paid work experience or the equivalent in part-time continuous employment. [FONT=宋体]申请人必须具备最低一年全职(或折合成一年全职)、有偿的工作经验。全职工作的定义为每年1950个小时。[/FONT]


Your work experience must be in the category of Skill Type 0, or Skill Level A or B on the Canadian National Occupational Classification (NOC).. [FONT=宋体]职业为NOC 中的技术类别0类职业或技术等级A、B级职业,否则工作不予承认。[/FONT]


You must have had this experience within the last 10 years.[FONT=宋体]必须是过去[/FONT]10[FONT=宋体]年获得。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]概述[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC (National Occupational Classification)[/FONT][FONT=宋体]是加拿大人力资源与社会发展部(HRSDC)编篡的职业描述大全。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]四位编码体系:NOC 编码的两个主要因素是技术类型和技术等级。编码规则为:第一位数代表职业类别,第二位数代表职业等级(管理类职业除外),第三、四位数代表编码。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术类型(skill type)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]为四位编码的第一位数。NOC 共划分10个类型:[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]0类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业(Management Occupations ):所有此类职业都被移民局认可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]1类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]商业、财务、管理类职业(business,finance and administrative occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]自然科学、应用科学及相关职业(natural and applied sciences and related occupations )[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]医学类职业(Health Occupations)。本类职业虽为开放职业,但为加拿大排外类职业(Exclusive occupation),加拿大对在加拿大或美国以外取得的医学类学历都不承认,所以申请人移民后从事本职业的可能性微乎其微,因此可以推测本类职业是不受欢迎的职业…[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]社会科学、教育、政府科学及宗教类职业(Occupations in social Science, Education, Government Service Occupation)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]5类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]文化教育、体育、娱乐业(Occupations in Art, culture, recreation and sport)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]6类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]销售及服务业(sales and service occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]7类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]手工业、运输业、设备操作工及相关职业(trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]8类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]初级工业类职业(occupations unique to primary industry)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]9类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]加工、制造及设备业(occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities) [/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]2.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业Management Occupations [/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]管理类职业没有分配技术等级项目。该类职业并不看重教育和培训,而是看重其它因素如以前经验、在企业里的所有权、资金、知识产权、决策权、组织能力等因素。[/FONT]​


[FONT=宋体]此类职业在做投资移民申请,无论是联邦投资、魁省投资还是省提名项目,都有极其重要的意义。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]管理类职业跨越所有九项技术类别。[/FONT]NOC[FONT=宋体]四位编码为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”。如果第二位也为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”,则表示高级管理;此外,第二位编码([/FONT]1-9[FONT=宋体])代表其相应的所属行业。[/FONT]​


管理类职业没有技术等级(skill level).此类职业的定位不看重从业者的教育背景,而更加看重其它因素如经验、在企业里的所有权情况、决策力、组织能力等。该类职业跨越所有的行业。

[FONT=宋体]2.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术等级(skill level)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]四位编码的第二位数。若该位数是“1”,则为A级, 需要大学以上学历(学士以上学历)(university degree; bachelor’s, master’s or post-graduate);若该位数为“2”则为B级,需两年以上中学后教育、培训、学徒(two to three years of post-secondary education at community college, institute of technology; or two to four years of apprenticeship training; or three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, training courses or specific work experience) ,3、4为C、D级,需中学教育即可,原则上是不被移民局接受的职业(但某些特种职业如消防员等,虽然第三位数为“3”,但仍归为B类职业而作为认可的职业)。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]移民类的职业其技术等级必须为A或B类,否则其工作经验不被承认。参见矩阵图。[/FONT]

Chart: The 4 skill levels (both alphabetic characters and numerical values) used in the NOC.
NOC Skill Levels


Skill Level

(alpha)




Skill Level (digit)


Nature of Education/Training


A

Occupations usually require university education.




1
  • University degree at the bachelor's or master's or doctorate level.
B

Occupations usually require college education or apprenticeship training.




2 or 3
  • Two to three years of post-secondary education at a community college, institute of technology or CEGEP; or
  • Two to five years of apprenticeship training; or
  • Three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
  • Occupations with supervisory responsibilities and occupations with significant health and safety responsibilities, such as firefighters, police officers and registered nursing assistants are all assigned the skill level B.
C

Occupations usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training




4 or 5
  • One to four years of secondary school education; or
  • Up to two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
D

On-the-job training is usually provided for occupations




6
  • Short work demonstration or on-th-job training; or
  • No formal educational requirements.
[FONT=宋体]3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]阅读说明[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业大项下第一段是本行业的总职责描述及服务处所类型,定义时可作参考。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第二段是职业名称举例(部分)(examples of titles), 每一职业的定义在NOC书上仅列举出了部分职业名称。在NOC网站上可以查到所有的职业名称(clip “view all titles”)。许多职业只能在网站上查找。如进出口业务员(6221)、广告与管理顾问(1122)、IT类职业尤其是计算机程序员(包括软件开发员)。有时为了准确定位,需要查看其职务是否在列出的所有职务上。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第三段为主要职责(main duties),说明从事该类职业的人其工作职责应包括以下几项或所有职责(xxx perform some or all of the following duties)。事实上很少有申请人从事的职业其职责能符合所有NOC职责描述的,因此我们只要保证申请人工作职责符合NOC中的几项即可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第四部分为就业要求(employment requirements)。仅供我们定位时参考,而不需要考虑申请人是否满足其要求。移民局特别提出:申请人不需要符合就业要求(CIC NOTE: you do NOT need to meet the employment requirement), 如注册要求(如会计)、学历要求(如xx家、翻译等)等。 [/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第五部分为其它信息(additional information),这部分对申请人准备材料时也有帮助,尤其是职业机动性(mobility;如工程师类)和是否可作为管理人员(progression to xxx is possible with additional training, or experience, etc. )。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第六部分为参见(classified elsewhere),供我们在确定职业定位时参考。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]职业定位[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]只要申请所从事的职业是在移民局认可的职业列表上,均可得工作经验分。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一申请人可以从事过一个以上职业,每个职业的从业年限无限制。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业定位时仅考虑申请人的工作职责是否与NOC所描述和职业全部或部分相符,而不考虑其“就业要求”(employment requirement)如学历及注册等要求。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]在管理类职业时(skill type 0),尤其要慎重,不能被其表面现象迷惑,应看其是否真正从事的是管理职责、其管理职责与技术职责的比重、甚至工作单位的规模等都应考虑。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]客户材料往往显示的是职务(position)或名称(title),我们定位时应排除对职业的干扰,揭示出其真正的职业及职责,突出其技术。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]工程类的职业定位时注意事项参照资料部关于申请CCPE认证的通知。需要注意的是,许多工程师类其职业的机动性很大,可以做管理、销售、市场、技术支持、培训等(engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practice in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management).[/FONT]
4.7. [FONT=宋体]职业定位技巧:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]以下tips 来自NOC网站上的培训材料,为方便阅读,现将中英文对照列出。[/FONT]



u Apprentices are coded in the same group as qualified workers. [FONT=宋体]学徒工作为认可职业定位[/FONT]
u Residents and articling students are coded in their respective professional groups.
uSupervisors of professionals are usually classified within the occupational group they supervise, in skill level A. [FONT=宋体]专业人士的主管应定位为同专业的技术等级[/FONT]A
uSupervisors of other occupations are usually classified in specific unit groups in skill level B within the same skill type as those supervised. [FONT=宋体]其它职业的主管应在同职业类定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uSelf-employed contractors and supervisors in most industries are usually classified as skill level B. [FONT=宋体]多数行业的自雇承包商及监理定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uManagement occupations start with 0, and for middle and other management occupations, the second digit (1 to 9) of the major group classification indicates the skill type, rather than skill level. [FONT=宋体]以[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]为开头的管理类职业,第二位数代表其从事之行业[/FONT]
uIn certain cases, you may consider the wage that a person is making to help you code their occupation. For example, a person may indicate that they work as a manager in a retail store. If the person is making minimum wage, this may be an indication that the occupation is supervisory rather than managerial. [FONT=宋体](不适用)[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]快速定位技巧:先根据行业所属(skill type)找到对应的行业,根据职业等级找其定位;然后若感觉此定位偏高、偏低或不太确切,则可看该职业描述的最后一部分“参见其它职业”(Classified elsewhere), 再察看其职责是否相符。[/FONT]
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

小蛇简直是太专业, 太耐心了, 真不错!!!
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

谢谢!!终于搞清楚咯!!
 
回复: 职业定位秘笈

收藏~
[FONT=宋体]1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]移民局对工作经验的要求及与NOC的关系:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]加拿大技术移民工作经验最低要求([/FONT]Minimum Work Experience Requirements):


You must meet the following minimum work experience requirements to be eligible to apply as a skilled worker:[FONT=宋体]技术移民加拿大,必须符合以下工作经验的前提要求:[/FONT]


You must have at least one continuous year of full-time, paid work experience or the equivalent in part-time continuous employment. [FONT=宋体]申请人必须具备最低一年全职(或折合成一年全职)、有偿的工作经验。全职工作的定义为每年1950个小时。[/FONT]


Your work experience must be in the category of Skill Type 0, or Skill Level A or B on the Canadian National Occupational Classification (NOC).. [FONT=宋体]职业为NOC 中的技术类别0类职业或技术等级A、B级职业,否则工作不予承认。[/FONT]


You must have had this experience within the last 10 years.[FONT=宋体]必须是过去[/FONT]10[FONT=宋体]年获得。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]概述[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC (National Occupational Classification)[/FONT][FONT=宋体]是加拿大人力资源与社会发展部(HRSDC)编篡的职业描述大全。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]四位编码体系:NOC 编码的两个主要因素是技术类型和技术等级。编码规则为:第一位数代表职业类别,第二位数代表职业等级(管理类职业除外),第三、四位数代表编码。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术类型(skill type)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]为四位编码的第一位数。NOC 共划分10个类型:[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]0类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业(Management Occupations ):所有此类职业都被移民局认可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]1类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]商业、财务、管理类职业(business,finance and administrative occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]2类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]自然科学、应用科学及相关职业(natural and applied sciences and related occupations )[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]医学类职业(Health Occupations)。本类职业虽为开放职业,但为加拿大排外类职业(Exclusive occupation),加拿大对在加拿大或美国以外取得的医学类学历都不承认,所以申请人移民后从事本职业的可能性微乎其微,因此可以推测本类职业是不受欢迎的职业…[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]社会科学、教育、政府科学及宗教类职业(Occupations in social Science, Education, Government Service Occupation)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]5类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]文化教育、体育、娱乐业(Occupations in Art, culture, recreation and sport)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]6类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]销售及服务业(sales and service occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]7类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]手工业、运输业、设备操作工及相关职业(trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]8类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]初级工业类职业(occupations unique to primary industry)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]9类: [/FONT][FONT=宋体]加工、制造及设备业(occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities) [/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]2.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]管理类职业Management Occupations [/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]管理类职业没有分配技术等级项目。该类职业并不看重教育和培训,而是看重其它因素如以前经验、在企业里的所有权、资金、知识产权、决策权、组织能力等因素。[/FONT]​


[FONT=宋体]此类职业在做投资移民申请,无论是联邦投资、魁省投资还是省提名项目,都有极其重要的意义。[/FONT]


[FONT=宋体]管理类职业跨越所有九项技术类别。[/FONT]NOC[FONT=宋体]四位编码为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”。如果第二位也为“[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]”,则表示高级管理;此外,第二位编码([/FONT]1-9[FONT=宋体])代表其相应的所属行业。[/FONT]​


管理类职业没有技术等级(skill level).此类职业的定位不看重从业者的教育背景,而更加看重其它因素如经验、在企业里的所有权情况、决策力、组织能力等。该类职业跨越所有的行业。

[FONT=宋体]2.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]技术等级(skill level)[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]四位编码的第二位数。若该位数是“1”,则为A级, 需要大学以上学历(学士以上学历)(university degree; bachelor’s, master’s or post-graduate);若该位数为“2”则为B级,需两年以上中学后教育、培训、学徒(two to three years of post-secondary education at community college, institute of technology; or two to four years of apprenticeship training; or three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, training courses or specific work experience) ,3、4为C、D级,需中学教育即可,原则上是不被移民局接受的职业(但某些特种职业如消防员等,虽然第三位数为“3”,但仍归为B类职业而作为认可的职业)。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]移民类的职业其技术等级必须为A或B类,否则其工作经验不被承认。参见矩阵图。[/FONT]

Chart: The 4 skill levels (both alphabetic characters and numerical values) used in the NOC.
NOC Skill Levels


Skill Level

(alpha)




Skill Level (digit)


Nature of Education/Training


A

Occupations usually require university education.




1

  • University degree at the bachelor's or master's or doctorate level.
B


Occupations usually require college education or apprenticeship training.




2 or 3

  • Two to three years of post-secondary education at a community college, institute of technology or CEGEP; or
  • Two to five years of apprenticeship training; or
  • Three to four years of secondary school and more than two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
  • Occupations with supervisory responsibilities and occupations with significant health and safety responsibilities, such as firefighters, police officers and registered nursing assistants are all assigned the skill level B.
C


Occupations usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training




4 or 5

  • One to four years of secondary school education; or
  • Up to two years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience.
D


On-the-job training is usually provided for occupations




6

  • Short work demonstration or on-th-job training; or
  • No formal educational requirements.
[FONT=宋体]3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]NOC[/FONT][FONT=宋体]阅读说明[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业大项下第一段是本行业的总职责描述及服务处所类型,定义时可作参考。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第二段是职业名称举例(部分)(examples of titles), 每一职业的定义在NOC书上仅列举出了部分职业名称。在NOC网站上可以查到所有的职业名称(clip “view all titles”)。许多职业只能在网站上查找。如进出口业务员(6221)、广告与管理顾问(1122)、IT类职业尤其是计算机程序员(包括软件开发员)。有时为了准确定位,需要查看其职务是否在列出的所有职务上。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第三段为主要职责(main duties),说明从事该类职业的人其工作职责应包括以下几项或所有职责(xxx perform some or all of the following duties)。事实上很少有申请人从事的职业其职责能符合所有NOC职责描述的,因此我们只要保证申请人工作职责符合NOC中的几项即可。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第四部分为就业要求(employment requirements)。仅供我们定位时参考,而不需要考虑申请人是否满足其要求。移民局特别提出:申请人不需要符合就业要求(CIC NOTE: you do NOT need to meet the employment requirement), 如注册要求(如会计)、学历要求(如xx家、翻译等)等。 [/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第五部分为其它信息(additional information),这部分对申请人准备材料时也有帮助,尤其是职业机动性(mobility;如工程师类)和是否可作为管理人员(progression to xxx is possible with additional training, or experience, etc. )。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]3.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]第六部分为参见(classified elsewhere),供我们在确定职业定位时参考。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]职业定位[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.1. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]只要申请所从事的职业是在移民局认可的职业列表上,均可得工作经验分。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.2. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一申请人可以从事过一个以上职业,每个职业的从业年限无限制。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.3. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]每一职业定位时仅考虑申请人的工作职责是否与NOC所描述和职业全部或部分相符,而不考虑其“就业要求”(employment requirement)如学历及注册等要求。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.4. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]在管理类职业时(skill type 0),尤其要慎重,不能被其表面现象迷惑,应看其是否真正从事的是管理职责、其管理职责与技术职责的比重、甚至工作单位的规模等都应考虑。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.5. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]客户材料往往显示的是职务(position)或名称(title),我们定位时应排除对职业的干扰,揭示出其真正的职业及职责,突出其技术。[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]4.6. [/FONT][FONT=宋体]工程类的职业定位时注意事项参照资料部关于申请CCPE认证的通知。需要注意的是,许多工程师类其职业的机动性很大,可以做管理、销售、市场、技术支持、培训等(engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practice in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management).[/FONT]
4.7. [FONT=宋体]职业定位技巧:[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]以下tips 来自NOC网站上的培训材料,为方便阅读,现将中英文对照列出。[/FONT]



u Apprentices are coded in the same group as qualified workers. [FONT=宋体]学徒工作为认可职业定位[/FONT]
u Residents and articling students are coded in their respective professional groups.
uSupervisors of professionals are usually classified within the occupational group they supervise, in skill level A. [FONT=宋体]专业人士的主管应定位为同专业的技术等级[/FONT]A
uSupervisors of other occupations are usually classified in specific unit groups in skill level B within the same skill type as those supervised. [FONT=宋体]其它职业的主管应在同职业类定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uSelf-employed contractors and supervisors in most industries are usually classified as skill level B. [FONT=宋体]多数行业的自雇承包商及监理定位为技术等级[/FONT]B
uManagement occupations start with 0, and for middle and other management occupations, the second digit (1 to 9) of the major group classification indicates the skill type, rather than skill level. [FONT=宋体]以[/FONT]0[FONT=宋体]为开头的管理类职业,第二位数代表其从事之行业[/FONT]
uIn certain cases, you may consider the wage that a person is making to help you code their occupation. For example, a person may indicate that they work as a manager in a retail store. If the person is making minimum wage, this may be an indication that the occupation is supervisory rather than managerial. [FONT=宋体](不适用)[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]快速定位技巧:先根据行业所属(skill type)找到对应的行业,根据职业等级找其定位;然后若感觉此定位偏高、偏低或不太确切,则可看该职业描述的最后一部分“参见其它职业”(Classified elsewhere), 再察看其职责是否相符。[/FONT]
 

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