未必先进的一定打败落后。
元灭宋不是因为元更文明,更先进。
君士坦丁堡被攻克,不是因为落后。
野蛮的日耳曼人灭罗马帝国。历史有自己的步骤。
As long as people were incapable of resisting, there was no reason for authority figures to rein themselves in. (人民既然无力抵抗,当权者何必收手。)They could do whatever they wanted.他们当然可以任意为之。 Every protracted encounter between the citizens of America and the government of America demonstrates this principle. 美国政府和人民之间历来体现这个原则。Nations had always fought other nations; 国与国斗,governments had always oppressed its own people on account of religion政府常常宗教迫害; after the Civil War, governments began oppressing people for disobedience to its dictates.内战后,政府开始压制人民的不服从。
摘自约翰 斯图亚特《美国历史-改变美国的人和事》第七章
国家就是要压制各种不服,中国如此,美国也如此。
共产党战胜国民党也是民主战胜专制?
民主不等于进步,专制未必落后。