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Genotoxicity and
mutagenicity
Mutation studies in
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes show that ractopamine is non-mutagenic. However, the results of several in vitro studies, including chromosome aberration tests in human lymphocytes, are
positive. The
positive genotoxic results are explained with limited evidence to be due to a secondary auto-oxidative mechanism from ractopamine-catechol producing reactive intermediates.
Carcinogenicity
Ractopamine is considered not to be a direct carcinogen. It is not listed by
IARC,
NTP,
ACGIH, or
OSHA. The induction of benign
leiomyomas (
tumors of smooth muscle) in mice and rats can possibly be due to a general feature of beta-adrenergic activity of ractopamine.