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切～
- 主题发起人 tiantianyingyu
- 发布时间 2014-07-26
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在网上刚查到的
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Like CT scans, MRI scans provide detailed images of soft tissues in the body. But MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. The energy from the radio waves is absorbed and then released in a pattern formed by the type of body tissue and by certain diseases. A computer translates the pattern into a very detailed image of parts of the body.
When MRI is used to look at liver tumors, several sets of images may be taken. After the first set is done, a contrast material called gadolinium is injected into a vein to help see details more clearly. Then other sets are taken over the next several minutes as the contrast moves through the liver and other parts of the body. This is known as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
MRI scans can be very helpful in looking at liver tumors. Sometimes they can tell a benign tumor from a malignant one. They can also be used to look at blood vessels in and around the liver, and can help show if liver cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
MRI scans may be a little more uncomfortable than CT scans, and they often take longer. You may be placed inside a narrow tube, which is confining and can upset people with a fear of enclosed spaces. Special more open MRI machines can sometimes be used instead, but the drawback is that the pictures may not be as clear. The MRI machine also makes buzzing and clicking noises that you may find disturbing. Some places will provide earplugs to help block these noises out.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Like CT scans, MRI scans provide detailed images of soft tissues in the body. But MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. The energy from the radio waves is absorbed and then released in a pattern formed by the type of body tissue and by certain diseases. A computer translates the pattern into a very detailed image of parts of the body.
When MRI is used to look at liver tumors, several sets of images may be taken. After the first set is done, a contrast material called gadolinium is injected into a vein to help see details more clearly. Then other sets are taken over the next several minutes as the contrast moves through the liver and other parts of the body. This is known as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
MRI scans can be very helpful in looking at liver tumors. Sometimes they can tell a benign tumor from a malignant one. They can also be used to look at blood vessels in and around the liver, and can help show if liver cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
MRI scans may be a little more uncomfortable than CT scans, and they often take longer. You may be placed inside a narrow tube, which is confining and can upset people with a fear of enclosed spaces. Special more open MRI machines can sometimes be used instead, but the drawback is that the pictures may not be as clear. The MRI machine also makes buzzing and clicking noises that you may find disturbing. Some places will provide earplugs to help block these noises out.
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这个说怎么诊断肝癌的
Imaging studies
Imaging studies play a very important role in the diagnosis of liver cancer. A good study can provide information as to the size of the tumor, the number of tumors, and whether the tumor has involved major blood vessels locally or spread outside of the liver. There are several types of studies, each having its merits and disadvantages. In practice, several studies combined often complement each other. On the other hand, a plain X-ray of the area of the liver - right, upper portion of the abdomen - is not very helpful, and therefore, is not routinely done in the diagnostic work-up of liver cancer. Further, there is no practical role for nuclear medicine scans of the liver and spleen in the workup for liver cancer. Such scans are not very sensitive and they provide no additional information beyond that provided by the other (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) scans.
Ultrasound examination is usually the first study ordered if liver cancer is suspected in a patient. The accuracy of an ultrasound depends very much on the technician and radiologist who perform the study (it is an operator dependent test). Studies from Japan and Taiwan report that ultrasound is the most sensitive imaging study for diagnosing and characterizing liver cancer. However, in these studies, highly experienced individuals performed the scans and spent up to one hour scanning each patient suspected of having liver cancer. An ultrasound has the advantages of not requiring intravenous contrast material and not involving radiation. Moreover, the price of an ultrasound is quite low as compared to the other types of scans.
Computerized axial tomography (CT scan) is a very common study used in the U.S. for the workup of tumors in the liver. The ideal CT study is a multi-phase, spiral CT scan using oral and intravenous contrast material. Pictures are taken in three phases:
There are several variations to CT scanning. For example, in a CT angiogram, which is a highly invasive (enters a part of the body) study, intravenous contrast is selectively infused through the hepatic artery (artery to the liver). The purpose is to highlight the vessels for better visualization of them by the CT scan. Also, in Japan, an oily contrast material called Lipiodol, which is selectively taken up by liver cancer cells, has been used with CT. The purpose of this approach is to improve the sensitivity of the scan. This means the goal is to increase the percentage of abnormal CT scans in patients who have liver cancer.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide very clear images of the body. Its advantage over CT is that MRI can provide sectional views of the body in different planes. The technology has evolved to the point that the newer MRIs can actually reconstruct images of the biliary tree (bile ducts and gallbladder) and of the arteries and veins of the liver. (The biliary tree transports bile from the liver to the duodenum, the first part of the intestine.) MRI studies can be made even more sensitive by using intravenous contrast material (for example, gadolinium).
MRI scans are expensive and there is tremendous variability in the quality of the images. The quality depends on the age of the machine and the ability of the patients to hold their breath for up to 15 to 20 seconds at a time. Furthermore, many patients, because of claustrophobia, cannot tolerate being in the enclosure of the MRI scanner. Additionally, the current open MRI scanners generally do not provide as high quality images as the closed scanners do. MRI sometimes finds lesions that are smaller than can be seen on a CT scan and can tell the radiologist more about the blood vessel (vascular) characteristics of the tumor; more importantly, there is no radiation risk, which becomes important if the screening test is to be repeated many times over a person's lifetime. A CT scan creates pictures using X-rays, while an MRI uses magnetic fields to produce the images.
Advances in ultrasound, CT, and MRI technology have almost eliminated the need for angiography. An angiography procedure involves inserting a catheter into the femoral artery (in the groin) through the aorta, and into the hepatic artery, the artery that supplies blood to the liver. Contrast material is then injected, and X-ray pictures of the arterial blood supply to the liver are taken. An angiogram of liver cancer shows a characteristic blush that is produced by newly formed abnormal small arteries that feed the tumor (neovascularization).
Another potential test used for many other cancers is a PET (positron emission tomography) scan, which involves the injection of radioactive sugar to light up actively growing cells, as in cancers. However, this is not very useful in liver cancer, as many liver cancers do not show a difference in the amount of the radioactive sugar that they take up as compared to normal liver tissue.
What, then, is the best imaging study for diagnosing liver cancer? There is no simple answer. Many factors need to be taken into consideration. For example, is the diagnosis of liver cancer known or is the scan being done for screening? What is the expertise of doctors in the patient's area? What is the quality of the different scanners at a particular facility? Are there economic considerations? Does the patient have any other conditions that need to be considered, such as claustrophobia or kidney impairment? Does the patient have any hardware, for example, a pacemaker or metal prosthetic device? (The hardware would make doing an MRI impossible, as the magnet can shut off the pacemaker.)
If you live in Japan or Taiwan and have access to a radiologist or liver specialist (hepatologist) with expertise in ultrasound, then it may be as good as a CT scan. Ultrasound is also the most practical (easier and cheaper) for regular screening (surveillance). In North America, a multiphase spiral CT scan is probably themost accurate type of scan. However, for patients with impaired renal functionor who have access to a state-of-the-art MRI scanner, the MRI may be thediagnostic scan of choice. Finally, keep in mind that the technology of ultrasound, CT, and MRI is ever evolving with the development of better machines and the use of special contrast materials to further characterize the tumors.
Imaging studies
Imaging studies play a very important role in the diagnosis of liver cancer. A good study can provide information as to the size of the tumor, the number of tumors, and whether the tumor has involved major blood vessels locally or spread outside of the liver. There are several types of studies, each having its merits and disadvantages. In practice, several studies combined often complement each other. On the other hand, a plain X-ray of the area of the liver - right, upper portion of the abdomen - is not very helpful, and therefore, is not routinely done in the diagnostic work-up of liver cancer. Further, there is no practical role for nuclear medicine scans of the liver and spleen in the workup for liver cancer. Such scans are not very sensitive and they provide no additional information beyond that provided by the other (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) scans.
Ultrasound examination is usually the first study ordered if liver cancer is suspected in a patient. The accuracy of an ultrasound depends very much on the technician and radiologist who perform the study (it is an operator dependent test). Studies from Japan and Taiwan report that ultrasound is the most sensitive imaging study for diagnosing and characterizing liver cancer. However, in these studies, highly experienced individuals performed the scans and spent up to one hour scanning each patient suspected of having liver cancer. An ultrasound has the advantages of not requiring intravenous contrast material and not involving radiation. Moreover, the price of an ultrasound is quite low as compared to the other types of scans.
Computerized axial tomography (CT scan) is a very common study used in the U.S. for the workup of tumors in the liver. The ideal CT study is a multi-phase, spiral CT scan using oral and intravenous contrast material. Pictures are taken in three phases:
- Without intravenous contrast
- With intravenous contrast (enhanced imaging) that highlights the arterial system (arterial phase)
- When the contrast is in the venous phase
There are several variations to CT scanning. For example, in a CT angiogram, which is a highly invasive (enters a part of the body) study, intravenous contrast is selectively infused through the hepatic artery (artery to the liver). The purpose is to highlight the vessels for better visualization of them by the CT scan. Also, in Japan, an oily contrast material called Lipiodol, which is selectively taken up by liver cancer cells, has been used with CT. The purpose of this approach is to improve the sensitivity of the scan. This means the goal is to increase the percentage of abnormal CT scans in patients who have liver cancer.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide very clear images of the body. Its advantage over CT is that MRI can provide sectional views of the body in different planes. The technology has evolved to the point that the newer MRIs can actually reconstruct images of the biliary tree (bile ducts and gallbladder) and of the arteries and veins of the liver. (The biliary tree transports bile from the liver to the duodenum, the first part of the intestine.) MRI studies can be made even more sensitive by using intravenous contrast material (for example, gadolinium).
MRI scans are expensive and there is tremendous variability in the quality of the images. The quality depends on the age of the machine and the ability of the patients to hold their breath for up to 15 to 20 seconds at a time. Furthermore, many patients, because of claustrophobia, cannot tolerate being in the enclosure of the MRI scanner. Additionally, the current open MRI scanners generally do not provide as high quality images as the closed scanners do. MRI sometimes finds lesions that are smaller than can be seen on a CT scan and can tell the radiologist more about the blood vessel (vascular) characteristics of the tumor; more importantly, there is no radiation risk, which becomes important if the screening test is to be repeated many times over a person's lifetime. A CT scan creates pictures using X-rays, while an MRI uses magnetic fields to produce the images.
Advances in ultrasound, CT, and MRI technology have almost eliminated the need for angiography. An angiography procedure involves inserting a catheter into the femoral artery (in the groin) through the aorta, and into the hepatic artery, the artery that supplies blood to the liver. Contrast material is then injected, and X-ray pictures of the arterial blood supply to the liver are taken. An angiogram of liver cancer shows a characteristic blush that is produced by newly formed abnormal small arteries that feed the tumor (neovascularization).
Another potential test used for many other cancers is a PET (positron emission tomography) scan, which involves the injection of radioactive sugar to light up actively growing cells, as in cancers. However, this is not very useful in liver cancer, as many liver cancers do not show a difference in the amount of the radioactive sugar that they take up as compared to normal liver tissue.
What, then, is the best imaging study for diagnosing liver cancer? There is no simple answer. Many factors need to be taken into consideration. For example, is the diagnosis of liver cancer known or is the scan being done for screening? What is the expertise of doctors in the patient's area? What is the quality of the different scanners at a particular facility? Are there economic considerations? Does the patient have any other conditions that need to be considered, such as claustrophobia or kidney impairment? Does the patient have any hardware, for example, a pacemaker or metal prosthetic device? (The hardware would make doing an MRI impossible, as the magnet can shut off the pacemaker.)
If you live in Japan or Taiwan and have access to a radiologist or liver specialist (hepatologist) with expertise in ultrasound, then it may be as good as a CT scan. Ultrasound is also the most practical (easier and cheaper) for regular screening (surveillance). In North America, a multiphase spiral CT scan is probably themost accurate type of scan. However, for patients with impaired renal functionor who have access to a state-of-the-art MRI scanner, the MRI may be thediagnostic scan of choice. Finally, keep in mind that the technology of ultrasound, CT, and MRI is ever evolving with the development of better machines and the use of special contrast materials to further characterize the tumors.
楼主别吓自己了，别在网上查这些资料了，按照医生预约的检查就好了。你现在是孕妇，保持好的心情最重要了。
我前段时间打疫苗，过了2、3天突然感觉天旋地转的头晕，第二天上班又是这个感觉，然后就是感觉心慌气短。
我突然想起自己刚打过疫苗，就在网上查那个疫苗的影响，一看症状全对！把我吓完了，以为是这个罕见的反映呢。
给家庭医生打电话，到医生那里，她很认真，给我全面检查了一下。告诉我，以后不要在网上查这些资料了，没有事都把自己吓坏了。
我前段时间打疫苗，过了2、3天突然感觉天旋地转的头晕，第二天上班又是这个感觉，然后就是感觉心慌气短。
我突然想起自己刚打过疫苗，就在网上查那个疫苗的影响，一看症状全对！把我吓完了，以为是这个罕见的反映呢。
给家庭医生打电话，到医生那里，她很认真，给我全面检查了一下。告诉我，以后不要在网上查这些资料了，没有事都把自己吓坏了。
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医生高度怀疑是肝血管瘤
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高度关注，安慰楼主。
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我还在检查前填过手术后如何善后的表格呢---在电脑上，结果什么事也没有，就是个检查而已，放宽心。
不是这样的。
怀疑而已，不要过分担心。为你祈祷一定没事。
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如果是血管瘤，就不担心了。这个是良性的，据说还没有发现转成恶性的。原因很多，怀孕和中年是一个主要的诱发原因，和雌激素水平高有些关系。
等生完孩子再去MRI。
这一惊吓，觉得好好活着最重要，其它烦恼都不是烦恼，有也是自找的。加拿大不错，一个人得了绝症，不会搞得倾家荡产。我老公说，如果我在中国得了肝癌，家里那点存款根本不够，真是要倾家荡产了。
最近听说国内几个熟人得了肝癌，所以我一下子就往上想了。
等生完孩子再去MRI。
这一惊吓，觉得好好活着最重要，其它烦恼都不是烦恼，有也是自找的。加拿大不错，一个人得了绝症，不会搞得倾家荡产。我老公说，如果我在中国得了肝癌，家里那点存款根本不够，真是要倾家荡产了。
最近听说国内几个熟人得了肝癌，所以我一下子就往上想了。
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