斯坦福 IT

Daily ESL: 三个月粗通英语

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厨房用具相关词汇

kettle   水壶
whistling kettle   鸣笛水壶
whistle   鸣笛
teapot   茶壶
toaster   烤箱
refrigerator-freezer, fridge-freezer   冰箱
dishwasher   洗碗机
draining board   沥水板(美作:drainboard)
microwave   微波炉
cooker   灶(美作:stove)
food processor   食品加工机
blender   搅拌机
fruit and vegetable juice extractor   果汁机
corkscrew   开塞钻
bottle cap opener   瓶盖启子
pot   锅
stew pot   炖锅
cover, lid   锅盖
handle   锅耳
frying pan   煎锅
handle   锅把
pressure cooker   压力锅
pressure valve   压力阀
wok   炒勺
electric wok   电炒勺
ladle   勺
rolling pin   擀面杖
 
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Painting the House

Painting the House
The interior of our house was last painted about 15 years ago, and the painting is now peeling and chipping in some places. Therefore, we decided to give the house a new fresh coat of paint. We wanted to paint the house the same color, so we took a few paint chips to the store and asked them match the paint. We bought several cans of paint, paint rollers, a paint tray, a paint scrapper(这是什么?), and some tape. Once we got back home, we first scraped off any loose or peeling paint on the walls, taped the edges of the rooms and windowsills, and put down some floor covering to protect the carpet. After that was done, we mixed the paint really well with a stirring stick and poured some of it in the paint tray. We applied one coat of paint evenly over the walls and then used small brushes to touch things up along the molding and baseboards in the rooms. After the paint was dry, we applied another coat of paint so the old paint wouldn't show through. Finally, we cleaned the brushes, rollers, paint tray, and put everything away in the garage. We have extra paint we can use to touch up the walls if they need to over time.
 
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再来一篇,paint scrapper是不是刮刀啊?

Prep

Take time to make an assessment of your project. Note the condition of the all the surfaces to be painted. In general you will find areas that have pealing or weathered paint, discolored or faded areas, dirty and mildewed surfaces. To check to see if the surfaces is chalky, wipe a colored rag across the surface to see if it picks up the color.

Windows can be a job themselves. Older style windows may have loose or missing glazing compound (putty) to deal with before they can be painted.

As you go through the prep process it is possible you may find areas that need minor if not major repair. Common problem areas are where window casings meet the window sill, the bottom of door casings and where wood is low to the ground. These are areas where moisture has a high potential collect and cause wood to decay. If you should encounter any rot problems, it is important that repaired as soon as possible to prevent further spreading.

Before starting the work, consider any near by power lines in the area you will be working. Call the utility company to have them place protective covers over the lines. This is a free service in many communities .


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Having tools and materials on hand ahead of time will save you a few interruptive trips to the hardware store while you seemed to be making some real progress. Although we all need a break from this kind of labor from time to time.

Make a list of common items such as ;

Tools :Extension ladders, step ladder, scrappers, putty knife, paint brushes, caulk gun, dust brush, buckets, pot hooks, drop cloths, hammer, screwdriver, pliers, wash brush, sponge, stir sticks, water hose & nozzle, pieces of boards to shim under ladders, rope, "wet paint" signs.

Materials: Sandpaper, caulk, scrapper blades, wood filler, rags, masking tape, primer, finish paint, paint thinner, window glazing, window points, nails.

Personal Items: Dust mask, hat, work gloves, rubber, gloves, sunglasses, sunscreen, insect repellent, first-aid kit in case of cuts, scratches, ect.

Quality: We believe it is important to do a good & thorough job, however to be very fussy on an exterior is probably not practical is most cases, as this could add days, weeks or even months of prep work labor if one is an extreme perfectionist


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Beginning the work

Rotating your work: As you work you will probably want to work on a shady side of the house. This way you may end up with two or more sides scraped before you do any priming. You may choose to complete all of the scraping first , but if a side is scraped and the surface is dry it may be a good idea to prime the side before the next rain. This way you may end up with some sides primed before other sides are scraped. Any way that is best for you is ok, but try not to work in direct sunlight and get the priming done while the surface is dry.


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Setting up: Any Shutters & paint-able storm windows can be removed and done on a work bench. You may chose to remove the window screens before you began to prevent them from being spattered. It is very difficult to remove paint from screens. You will probably have some steps, decks, sidewalks or other items to cover before you begin to spread any paint {Caution do not set ladders (except for open step ladders) on drop cloths}

Also See Ladder Safety

Washing: Washing exterior surfaces prior to painting is highly recommended by many paint companies today, however; depending on the condition often surfaces can be successfully painted without washing. You will at least have to use a dust brush in some areas. It may be best if you at least wash some of the building before it is painted. If it is very dirty chalky or mildewed it should be probably washed.

If you decide to wash, we usually recommend washing the exterior surface before it is scraped. After washing, any wood surfaces should be allowed several days drying time before it is primed See Washing Surfaces

Also See Repaint Illustrations 1


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Scrapping is one of the hardest jobs included in a repaint project. We recommend using1 & 2 inch scrappers although other sizes are available. Most paint scrappers have changeable blades because it does not take to get them dull, although we have learned to sharpen our scrappers with a file to cut down on buying replacement blades. However we still recommend buying new blades each time between major painting projects.

Very seldom is all or a high percentage of the old paint removed from the exterior of a building before it is painted. To do so would take a great deal of work or cost thousands of dollars.

The objective here is to scrape off any loose paint. All pealing areas will have loose paint around the edges. You should try to remove all of this loose paint until the remaining paint feels tightly bonded. If the remaining paint is difficult to remove, and you see no loose edges then you have probably scraped the area enough. A chisel-edge putty knife will often help to remove loose paint.

Start scrapping at the top of the building cover all areas that may possibly need some scrapping. Carry a piece of 60 or 80 grit sandpaper with you, and use it to take down some of the hard edges of the paint and any frayed wood. It will usually be to difficult and time consuming to featheredge all paint edges so do not get carried away with the sanding. Any heavily rusted nail heads can be quickly sanded over at the same time to remove loose rust.

Small holes can be filled with filled with the appropriate patching material such as wood doe, exterior spackling or putty


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Priming: The next step is to get all of the bare wood primed .The wood should dry, this is most important if oil base primer is to be used. Usually spot priming is sufficient. If you will be repainting using a colored finish paint, similar to the existing color, it may benefit you to have some primer tinted to an approximate color that you will be using, (especially on darker colors). Paint stores should be able to do this for little or no extra charge. Prime patch material and rusted nail heads also. (See Exterior Paint for information on exterior primers)

Also see Repaint Illustrations Page 2


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Caulking: You may chose to caulk side joints such as where clapboards meet corner boards and window & door casings. Do not caulk the joints under clapboards or joints under or between shingled siding. The objective here is to prevent rain water from running into the joints, but allow moisture to escape from under the overlap joints. We prefer to use a white latex caulk in most cases. This type of caulk can be used directly to most surfaces but will bond better to a primed surface than bare wood or metal. Caulk itself does not usually require primer before painting.



Finish

If you will be painting window sash, you may choose to paint the sash before the rest of the side. This way you may avoid putting the ladder back up on freshly painted surfaces, otherwise you may wait until the siding is finished.


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Overhangs: Generally start with painting the overhang .At the eaves paint the over-hang from one end to the other. At the gable end; paint the overhang (or facer board) from one end, up to the peak, down to the other end. Keep a wet edge while painting. try to complete your work in sections. If the siding is to be painted with the same paint as the overhangs, you can continue on with siding after the overhang is finished. If the siding is to be painted with different paint, then you will probably want to continue to paint overhangs or other trim for a while .


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Siding :

Horizontal siding such as clapboards. Eaves side: Start at the top of the building, work from one end of the wall to the other. Take down only several clapboards at a time depending on the width of the boards. Narrow 4 inch boards you can take 4-7 boards at a time. 10 inch or 12 inch wide siding you may not want to take more than 1 or 2 boards at a time. This will give you painted section across of about 14 to 24 inches wide. When you have reached the other end, then you may stop for a break or just lower your extension ladder and paint another section heading back the other way. This method will help prevent lap marks. When you get down to the tops of the windows or doors then you may paint sections down between the windows an doors. Gable end: Start at the peak. Paint down as many clapboards as you can comfortably reach the entire length of the board. Then move your ladder to begin working from side to side taking a limited number of boards as described above. See Repaint Illustrations Page 3&4

Tip: when painting horizontal siding; generally work over the top of your ladder.

Vertical Siding & T111 (up & down) Eaves side: Start at the top and end of the side. (Suggestion) If you are right handed start at the corner of the building to your right. If Left handed start at the left corner. Set your ladder about 2 feet from the starting corner. Paint a set of the boards down to create a strip about 20 inches wide. You may also paint the corner board at this time if it is to be painted with the same paint. Paint from the top of the wall to the bottom or you may stop at a window ,door casing or in some cases an over lap joint. You can work to one side of your ladder as you go down. (you will have to lower or change you ladder as you go down through). When a section of boards is finished you may take a break. Then move your ladder over about 2 feet and go back up to the top. Paint another strip adjoining to the first strip of boards again from top to bottom . Continue painting strips from top to bottom until you reach the other corner. To paint the last strip you will have to work above the top of you ladder keep lowering your extension ladder or change ladders until you get all the way down.

Tip You can stop for a break any time you finish a section

Shingle Siding: With all of the over laps and joints between shingles, you can paint your section as they come the easiest for you. Just complete all shingles in a section , that is do leave any shingles half painted and move you can make up a section almost any way you choose. But start at the top.


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Trim Boards: If Corner boards and casings are to be painted with the same paint as the siding, you can save your self some climbing by painting them as you paint the siding.

If the trim boards are to be painted with different paint than the siding then of coarse you will paint them before or after the siding is painted. If you will be painting the edge of the trim boards with the trim color, then it may be easier to paint them before the siding is painted. If you will be painting the edge of the trim boards with the siding color and just the face of the trim boards with the trim color, then you will want to paint the trim boards after the siding is painted

In either case paint the overhangs before the siding.
 
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Dinner Recipes:

Dinner Recipes:
Eating Delicious and Healthy Meals
This evening, I'm going to make some delicious spaghetti and a healthy salad for dinner following an old Italian recipe my grandmother used to make all the time. First of all, I put a pot of water on the stove to heat up until it boils. I add about a teaspoon of olive oil to the pot. In the meantime, I brown up some ground beef in a skillet on medium heat with a little olive oil, add some finely chopped fresh onions and garlic, and finally sprinkle in a little salt and pepper. Once the mixture is brown, I drain off the excess fat, add some chopped tomatoes and tomato paste, add a pinch of oregano and basil, and add some sliced mushrooms. I let the entire mixture simmer on the burner until the spaghetti noodles are ready. Now, once the water is boiling in the pot, I turn down the heat a little, add the spaghetti noodles, and let it cook until the noodles are nice and tender, but I don't want to overcook them. Once the noodles are done, I serve the s sauce on top of a plate of noodles. For the salad, I mix a variety of leafy vegetables including spinach in a bowl, along with some beets, sliced carrots, and tomatoes, topped with bacon bits and croutons. I prepare my own vineger and olive oil dressing. Sometimes I prepare garlic bread to complement the meal.
 
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听力测试,有关吃的,呼叫小鹌鹑

之前做过了,

http://www.esl-lab.com/cook/cookrd1.htm

1. What does the conversation imply about the mother?
A. She is busy at work.
B. She had to run some errands.
C. She is resting in bed.


2. What is the first problem the girl notices about her father's cooking?
A. He is not following the recipe.
B. He is missing the right pan to cook the pizza.
C. He is using the directions for a different food.

3. How does the girl know her father doesn't like the pizza he prepared?
A. He tells her honestly what he thinks about it.
B. She can tell by his non-verbal expressions.
C. He throws it away after making it.

4. What problem did the girl NOT mention about the pizza?
A. It was too salty.
B. It was burned.
C. It was too chewy.
5. What do they end up doing for lunch?
A. They decide to go out to eat.
B. They eat something different at home.
C. They eat at friend's house.
 
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回复: Daily ESL: 三个月粗通英语

"paint scrapper" is "Surface scrapper"
 
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看看最简单的名词变复数,大家是不是掌握了

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读,结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化:统一加读[iz]。
例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes
反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词)

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves
反例:roof→roofs

六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
例:fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。
读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例:axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。
读音变化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例:larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化:没有规律。
例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:
例:ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例:analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men
mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;
parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径
tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词
例:abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;
traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀
trousers长裤; wages工资

十八、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
例:pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,
例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
 
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Hair Styling

Hair Styling
I often style my hair after I get out of the shower. I first blow dry my hair (with a blow dryer, of course), put some styling gel in my hair, and then comb my hair to the style I want it. If I run out of hair gel, I use hairspray instead to make my hair stay in place. I've noticed I've started graying a little around the ears, so I might start using hair coloring to hide the gray hairs. Obviously, looking good is important to me, but I don't want to appear vain or proud just because I want to look nice.
 
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听力测试

http://www.esl-lab.com/cut/cutrd1.htm

1. What is one service NOT included in the special price at the beauty salon?
A. a hair wash
B. a manicure, or nail trim
C. a massage


2. What does the customer do for a living?
A. He's an attorney.
B. He works in the health care industry.
C. He's employed as a town planner.

3. What is one problem that happens to the customer?
A. The beautician gets shampoo in his eyes.
B. The beautician accidently cuts the man's ear.
C. The treatment causes the man's hair to fall out.

4. The customer went to this beauty salon to improve his appearance for:
A. a business convention in town
B. a social event with clients
C. an interview for new employment
5. Why can't the customer complain directly to the manager?
A. The manager is dealing with another customer.
B. The manager is taking time off from work.
C. The manager is out to lunch.
 
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回复: Daily ESL: 三个月粗通英语

相关词汇

blow dry
color (get/have your hair colored)
curl (get/have your hair curled)
cut (get/have your hair cut)
perm (get/have your hair permed)
shampoo
straighten (get/have your hair straightened)
style (get/have your hair styled)
thin out (get/have your hair thinned out)
trim (get/have your hair trimmed)
* Example: I'd like to get my hair cut ("get" is less formal than "have")
cut a little above the ears
remove the split ends
take a little off the top and sides
trim your bangs
barber
beautician
hairstylist / hairdresser
hair salon
barber shop
 
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回复: Daily ESL: 三个月粗通英语

真的是太感谢楼主了,虽然以前英语底子很好.可是现在全都丢了.怅然心痛之余,我决定从头再来.来了正好一个月.为了上学四处奔波,可是都要等很久.我不想浪费时间,因为我深刻的意识到,只有下决心把英语尽快过关,我们才能有机会.看了您推荐的Daily ESL,发现特别适合.而且每天一课又轻松,又有效.再次表示我的感谢.
 

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