回复: 多伦多家具介绍
语嫣，我也打不开促销清单，能否发一份到我邮箱yanxi_chen@hotmail.com
语嫣，我也打不开促销清单，能否发一份到我邮箱yanxi_chen@hotmail.com
- 主题发起人 语嫣
- 发布时间 2011-10-11
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
我家的几个床，有的是配box spring的，有的是用bed slats的，经过1年的使用下来，还是把bed slats换成box spring了。bed slats的厚度大概是1.5寸（四周的铁框厚度）， 最矮的box spring 是2寸，从厚度来说其实都差不多，但是bed slats有个很大的问题就是床垫的底下并不是完全有依托的，以我儿子这个破坏性，不到一年就已经给折腾得快不行了，担心床垫给搞坏，所以还是换成了box spring了。而且bed slats的每根木条比较细，很容易会出现断裂的问题。而box spring则是整片的支撑会更加的结实给床垫以最安全的保护。
1.2. 床的式样与高度
床有好多种，我们先说常用的。
第一大类就是我们最常见的床，通常分为床头headboard 简称HB, 床尾footboard简称FB（有的床没有床尾）, 还有两边的rail，就是床两边的支撑栏。
在床当中还有几根木条和底下的支撑。这种床就需要买spring box，不能直接放床垫。
有的床是本身就提供bed slats （就是那种像鱼骨架的木条支撑）的，就不需要spring box了，可以直接把床垫放在slats上，这样床的高度就相对带box的会矮。
通常IKEA卖的很多都是这种床。但是IKEA的木条很软，或者容易错位，时间久了就不能很好支撑，所以虽然省下box的钱，但是不耐用。
比如我自己的床，原本是不带slats的，我也没有用spring box，而是另外放了一个bed slats当然不是那种可以折叠的slats，而是四边都是固定的那种，就像这个图。
然后上面放一个床垫，这样整体的高度就比较矮了，省下大约6”的box厚度。就不担心儿子万一摔下来了也不会太痛。
当然spring box也有很多规格可以选的，从2”,4”,6”,8”等，比较常用的是6”的，但是你可以买2”的，也就几乎比我的那个slats厚一点点。
通常北美的人都喜欢高高的床，几乎和桌子一样高了。中国则都是矮的床。而且都是带床板那种。所以如果你不喜欢高床的话，买床的时候就要特别注意这个问题，否则床本身的高度加上spring box 再加上mattress，就有可能超过你能接受的高度了。喜欢矮床的可以在买床的时候就选择low profile的，或者选择platform beds ,实在是需要用spring box的，也可以选择用bed slats或者2”的spring box。
我家的几个床，有的是配box spring的，有的是用bed slats的，经过1年的使用下来，还是把bed slats换成box spring了。bed slats的厚度大概是1.5寸（四周的铁框厚度）， 最矮的box spring 是2寸，从厚度来说其实都差不多，但是bed slats有个很大的问题就是床垫的底下并不是完全有依托的，以我儿子这个破坏性，不到一年就已经给折腾得快不行了，担心床垫给搞坏，所以还是换成了box spring了。而且bed slats的每根木条比较细，很容易会出现断裂的问题。而box spring则是整片的支撑会更加的结实给床垫以最安全的保护。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
今天一个同学去了展厅，发现了几个新款产品性价比非常的高，告诉了我，所以我在这里分享一下。
一个是床，我家去年买的软包床是5785的，是需要box spring的，今年出来一个新款的 5793， 不需要box spring ， 而且价格非常的好， Queen 的 retail price 才$389, 折扣后也就是200多，如果去年有这款，我肯定会选这个了。便宜啊，等儿子大些，就换成我喜欢的款式了。
另外是一款沙发，
http://www.mazinfurniture.com/en-CA/OnlineCatalog/ProductInfo.aspx?group=3524
可以打开当床用，材料是Leatherette，应该是PU的。
这款的retail price 是 $379, 打折后就是200多，颜色有红色和白色可选。我很喜欢这款。
今天一个同学去了展厅，发现了几个新款产品性价比非常的高，告诉了我，所以我在这里分享一下。
一个是床，我家去年买的软包床是5785的，是需要box spring的，今年出来一个新款的 5793， 不需要box spring ， 而且价格非常的好， Queen 的 retail price 才$389, 折扣后也就是200多，如果去年有这款，我肯定会选这个了。便宜啊，等儿子大些，就换成我喜欢的款式了。
另外是一款沙发，
http://www.mazinfurniture.com/en-CA/OnlineCatalog/ProductInfo.aspx?group=3524
可以打开当床用，材料是Leatherette，应该是PU的。
这款的retail price 是 $379, 打折后就是200多，颜色有红色和白色可选。我很喜欢这款。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
今天一个同学去了展厅，发现了几个新款产品性价比非常的高，告诉了我，所以我在这里分享一下。
一个是床，我家去年买的软包床是5785的，是需要box spring的，今年出来一个新款的 5793， 不需要box spring ， 而且价格非常的好， Queen 的 retail price 才$389, 折扣后也就是200多，如果去年有这款，我肯定会选这个了。便宜啊，等儿子大些，就换成我喜欢的款式了。
我我我说不出话来了。。。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
我记得去年我去一家华人店看到一个很旧的铁床样品，也说要卖我200刀呢，还说是已经是最后一个给我最低价了。我当机立断就走了。软包床给老人睡也比较好，不容易撞到腿。今天一个同学去了展厅，发现了几个新款产品性价比非常的高，告诉了我，所以我在这里分享一下。
一个是床，我家去年买的软包床是5785的，是需要box spring的，今年出来一个新款的 5793， 不需要box spring ， 而且价格非常的好， Queen 的 retail price 才$389, 折扣后也就是200多，如果去年有这款，我肯定会选这个了。便宜啊，等儿子大些，就换成我喜欢的款式了。
我我我说不出话来了。。。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
头层牛皮、二层牛皮，复合牛皮、PU皮、人造革怎么鉴别？ （转帖）
一般来说,可以从表面光滑度,纹路的自然性,颜色的层次感,还有是手感来判断.对于非专业人士,首先看皮革表面,是否光滑,牛皮分为水牛和黄牛皮,都有头层二层的,不过水牛二层基本不能用,只能用做复合牛皮的材料,因为水牛二层基本可以很轻易地徒手撕裂.简单说说区分方式。
表面比较细腻的,纹路比较自然而且没有很规律的,就是头层牛皮,二层牛皮因为本身没有纹路,是经过加热的纹板烫上去的,所以纹板是什么纹路,皮革就是什么纹路,所以显得比较机械.而且二层牛皮表面较为粗糙,所以覆盖比较厚的油漆来平整表面,所以表面没有头层那么光滑透亮.打个比喻就是人的手背皮肤和脚板底的皮肤,手背皮肤可以很柔软,脚板底的皮肤需要用很厚的油漆来掩盖粗糙.
复合牛皮是一种水牛二层或者黄牛三层作为原料,因为本身这两中皮革基本非常粗糙,而且很容易撕裂,所以不能独立作为面料,比如,用胶水把它们一块块粘贴一起,背后再粘上一块布,这样强度就大很多,不过质量无法和头层二层皮比较,可想而知,胶水会让复合皮变很硬,而且表面比二层皮革很粗糙,所以这种只是蒙蔽人的一种做法,虽说是真皮,其实质量差太远了.
PU是一种人造革,利用PU原料,发哮成为热溶状态,均匀覆盖在带有纹路的硬纸上,然后在铺上一层布,有的背后覆盖一些次皮,这样,表面效果就是PU,强度就是背后的布或者是次皮效果了.PU皮的柔软度可以做得不错,手感也可以,不过就是本身PU发泡层耐用性没真皮好.容易脱层.、
人造革除了PU之外,还有PVC,其实工艺和PU有点相似,不过就是材料比较起来,PU比较PVC要柔软,PVC手感硬,而且化学毒性等等也大很多,耐用性就更差.PVC基本是什么纹路就什么纹路,你也不可能象PU一样,皱褶起来可以出现其他的纹路.
头层牛皮、二层牛皮，复合牛皮、PU皮、人造革怎么鉴别？ （转帖）
一般来说,可以从表面光滑度,纹路的自然性,颜色的层次感,还有是手感来判断.对于非专业人士,首先看皮革表面,是否光滑,牛皮分为水牛和黄牛皮,都有头层二层的,不过水牛二层基本不能用,只能用做复合牛皮的材料,因为水牛二层基本可以很轻易地徒手撕裂.简单说说区分方式。
表面比较细腻的,纹路比较自然而且没有很规律的,就是头层牛皮,二层牛皮因为本身没有纹路,是经过加热的纹板烫上去的,所以纹板是什么纹路,皮革就是什么纹路,所以显得比较机械.而且二层牛皮表面较为粗糙,所以覆盖比较厚的油漆来平整表面,所以表面没有头层那么光滑透亮.打个比喻就是人的手背皮肤和脚板底的皮肤,手背皮肤可以很柔软,脚板底的皮肤需要用很厚的油漆来掩盖粗糙.
复合牛皮是一种水牛二层或者黄牛三层作为原料,因为本身这两中皮革基本非常粗糙,而且很容易撕裂,所以不能独立作为面料,比如,用胶水把它们一块块粘贴一起,背后再粘上一块布,这样强度就大很多,不过质量无法和头层二层皮比较,可想而知,胶水会让复合皮变很硬,而且表面比二层皮革很粗糙,所以这种只是蒙蔽人的一种做法,虽说是真皮,其实质量差太远了.
PU是一种人造革,利用PU原料,发哮成为热溶状态,均匀覆盖在带有纹路的硬纸上,然后在铺上一层布,有的背后覆盖一些次皮,这样,表面效果就是PU,强度就是背后的布或者是次皮效果了.PU皮的柔软度可以做得不错,手感也可以,不过就是本身PU发泡层耐用性没真皮好.容易脱层.、
人造革除了PU之外,还有PVC,其实工艺和PU有点相似,不过就是材料比较起来,PU比较PVC要柔软,PVC手感硬,而且化学毒性等等也大很多,耐用性就更差.PVC基本是什么纹路就什么纹路,你也不可能象PU一样,皱褶起来可以出现其他的纹路.
再来说说家具中常用的皮革类材料。
不知道大家是否和我一样也经常被这些名词搞混，每次家具广告尤其是沙发的，经常会有不同的皮革描述，这些所谓的genuine leather， bonded leather, leatherette, leather match, full leather, top grain leather, full grain leather, split leather , 等到底是什么意思，有什么区别呢。
下面我详细介绍一下，下面的英文写得还是比较容易懂的，我把一些单词的意思加解释在里面了。
所谓的genuine leather中文翻译是真皮，”真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字眼，是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法。在消费者的观念中，“真皮”也具有非假的含义。它主要是由动物的皮加工而成。真皮种类繁多，品种多样，结构不同，品质各异，价格也相差悬殊。因此，真皮既是所有天然皮革的统称，也是商品市场上一个含糊的标识。 genuine leather也是一样的概念。
In general, leather is sold in four forms: 这里我们可以理解是皮（真皮）通常分为下面四种。
1. Full-grain leather refers to hides兽皮 that have not been sanded打磨, buffed抛光, or snuffed (as opposed to top-grain or corrected leather) to remove imperfections瑕疵 (or natural marks) on the surface of the hide. The grain remains allowing the fiber strength and durability. The grain also has breathability呼吸, resulting in less moisture from prolonged contact. Rather than wearing out, it will develop a patina over time. High quality leather furniture and footwear are often made from full-grain leather. Full-grain leathers are typically available in two finish types: aniline苯胺革 and semi-aniline半苯胺革。（是革的两种染色方式）
Full-grain Leather has not had the upper "top grain" and "split" layers separated. The upper section of a hide that previously contained the epidermis and hair, but were removed from the hide/skin.
Full grain leather没有把皮的头层和二层分离开，皮的表层是有毛发等，那些会被除去的。
Full-grain Leather是最高档的皮了，中文叫【全粒面革】，全粒面革指保留并使用动物皮本来表面（生长毛或鳞的一面）的皮革，也叫正面革。成革粒面层保持完整。粒面上大都经过涂饰，能清晰见到动物皮特有的毛孔和粒纹特征，可据以辨认该皮革由何种动物皮加工制成。全粒面革是皮革的主要品种。全粒面革用于制作绝大部分的革制品。全粒面革所用的原料要求伤残少的高等级原料皮，且加工要求也高，属高档皮革，并且因皮革的表面完整地保留在革上，其坚牢性能好，全粒面皮革表面不经涂饰或涂饰很薄，保持了皮革的柔软弹性和良好的透气性，其制成品舒适、耐久、美观。
2. Top-grain leather (the most common type used in upper end leather products) is the second-highest quality. It has had the "split" layer separated away, making it thinner and more pliable than full-grain. Its surface has been sanded and a finish coat added to the surface which results in a colder, plastic feel with less breathability, and it will not develop a natural patina. It is typically less expensive and has greater resistance to stains than full-grain leather, so long as the finish remains unbroken.
国内常说的头层皮，Top grain是仅次于full grain leather的皮了。
3. Corrected-grain leather is any leather that has had an artificial grain applied to its surface. The hides used to create corrected leather do not meet the standards for use in creating vegetable-tanned （植鞣革）or aniline leather（苯胺革）. The imperfections are corrected or sanded off, and an artificial grain impressed into the surface and dressed with stain or dyes. Most corrected-grain leather is used to make pigmented leather as the solid pigment helps hide the corrections or imperfections. Corrected grain leathers can mainly be bought as two finish types: semi-aniline（半苯胺革） and pigmented（涂料革）.
修正粒面皮革(Corrected-grain leather)，修面革是表面的皮纹被磨光的皮革，比全粒面皮革的质量要差。一般表面涂漆、烫花来掩饰无皮纹的缺陷。利用磨革机将表面轻魔后进行涂饰，再压上相应的花纹而制成的。实际上是对带有伤残或粗糙的天然革面进行了“整容”。此种革几乎失掉了原有的表面状态。
4. Split leather is leather created from the fibrous part of the hide left once the top-grain of the rawhide has been separated from the hide. During the splitting operation剖层, the top grain头层 and drop split 底层are separated. The drop split底层 can be further split (thickness allowing如果厚度够的话) into a middle split 中间层and a flesh split内面层. In very thick hides, the middle split can be separated into multiple layers until the thickness prevents further splitting. Split leather then has an artificial layer applied to the surface of the split and is embossed with a leather grain (bycast leather). Splits are also used to create suede. The strongest suedes are usually made from grain splits (that have the grain completely removed) or from the flesh split that has been shaved to the correct thickness. Suede is "fuzzy" on both sides. Manufacturers use a variety of techniques to make suede from full-grain. A reversed suede is a grained leather that has been designed into the leather article with the grain facing away from the visible surface. It is not considered to be a true form of suede.[3]
Split leather常说是二层皮. 也常叫bicast leather.
二层革：是厚皮用片皮机剖层而得，头层用来做top grain或修面革，二层经过涂饰或贴膜等系列工序制成二层革，它的牢度耐磨性较差，是同类皮革中最廉价的一种。二层牛皮其反面是牛皮的第二层皮料，在表面涂上一层PU树脂，所以也称贴膜牛皮。其价格较便宜，利用率高。其随工艺的变化也制成各种档次的品种。
底层的皮因为厚度的不同，往往还可能被分离成更多的层，如二层，三层皮，当然就是很薄的了。
Split层也经常被用来做成起毛皮革(Suede)，又称翻毛皮革，是将皮革从中间剖开而造成毛绒表面。因为厚度只有修正粒面皮革的1/2以下，起毛皮革质地更不结实。有些时候厂家把起毛皮革表面上胶，压出皮纹来模仿全粒面皮革的外观。
其他名词：
Full Leather means the complete sofa is made by 100% Leather without any other artificial material in the surface. This applies to sofa set and sectionals.
这个Full leather的翻译是全皮，你可以理解就是整个沙发的表面都是皮的就是genuine leather(不管它是头层，二层，反正都是皮)，没有任何其他人造革的材料。而很多的沙发是和人接触部分是Genuine leather，其他背后及底部都是人造革的，这种就叫Leather match.
Leather Match generally means the front area wherever will possibly touch customers skin is in Genuine Leather and other part is Artificial Material like Vinyl（[化]乙烯基 是塑料的一种）, PU, etc.
“Faux Leather” or “Leather Match”
Don’t be fooled by these terms it is all Polyurethane聚亚安酯! However, don’t be put off by the use of PU, it is a way to REDUCE the price of a chair, is hard wearing and tough, and is an excellent match with the leather. Mostly it is used on the non-contact areas of a chair, with the sole purpose of reducing the price saving you money!
“Faux Leather” or “Leather Match”是仿皮，通常用在沙发的不和人体接触的部分，用来降低成本。
PU Leather is synthetic leather合成皮 or artificial leather人造革. It is made by polyurethane聚亚安酯，塑料的一种. Thickness of the PU leather will define its price. Normally PU leather is less durable than real leather and more environmental friendly. It is ideally for animal concern customers and designed for light usage sofa.
Vinyl is best-known for being a substitute for leather. It may be called "faux leather" or "fake leather." Vinyl is a kind of plastic resin made from chlorine and ethylene. The name "vinyl" is actually derived from its full name of "polyvinylchloride" (PVC). Vinyl是塑料的一种
Italian Leather is commonly known leather made in Italy or leather made by using Italian Techniques. Producers in Italy use a variety of labor sources, with much of the process of leather production being done by hand. Hides are carefully inspected before treatment, with only the best hides being accepted, and quality checks are carried out at every stage of the way. Many producers specialize in full grain leather, leather from the top of the hide which is famous for its suppleness and quality. Italian producers tend to use high quality dyes and chemicals in their products, producing consistent, durable, long-lasting leather products. 意大利皮，这个毫无疑问也是价格最为昂贵的，一般都是用的全粒面皮。
The following are not "true" leathers, but contain leather material. Depending on jurisdiction, they may still be labeled as "Genuine Leather":
下面两种不是真正的皮，但是根据不同的角度范围，经常也会被人称为Genuine leather 真皮. 它们是最广泛的用来制作沙发的皮革。
Bonded leather, or "reconstituted leather", is composed of 90% to 100% leather fibers (often scrap from leather tanneries or leather workshops) bonded together with latex binders to create a look and feel similar to that of leather at a fraction of the cost. This bonded leather is not as durable as other leathers and is recommended for use only if the product will be used infrequently.
BONDED LEATHER再生皮，可以这么理解，再生皮和真皮的关系就类似于复合板和木板的关系，大家知道家具用的复合板是用碎木再生的，而bonded leather就是把真皮的碎料重新再生的皮，通常是由90~100%的真皮组成的。所以某些时候也被人称为”真皮”。
Bonded leather兼有真皮和PU的特点，是现今非常通用的家具皮革、皮具、沙发皮革的高档材料。同真皮一样，再生皮具有吸湿、透气性，做工好的还具有真皮一样的柔软度、弹性，质地轻、对极端的高低温耐受力强、耐磨。其不足之处是强度差于同等厚度的真皮，由于再生皮革的生产工艺比较灵活、可以实时调整，因此通过增加天然乳胶的用量，改动工艺配方，同样可以作出各种不同软硬度，不同强度的产品来弥补她本身的不足。其后期的表面贴膜处理与PU类似，在表面纹路及颜色上再生皮革也是花色不但翻新、新品层出不穷通过。更重要的是BONDED LEATHER极具竞争性的价格，非常超值，性价比高。
Bicast leather (also known as bycast leather, split leather or PU. leather) is a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface and then embossed. Bycast was originally made for the shoe industry for glossy shoes, and recently was adopted by the furniture industry. The resulting product has an artificially consistent texture that is easier to clean and maintain. The original formula created by Bayer was strong but expensive. Most of the bycast used today is a very strong and durable product. The result is a slightly stiffer product that is cheaper than top grain leather but has a much more consistent texture and is easier to clean and maintain.
这个Bicast或者Bycast leather 是属于split leather就是二层皮或者从二层皮中再分出来的，是属于真皮中最廉价的一种。
Bycast Leather：是PU贴膜牛皮革专用名称， 二层牛皮皮胚经过处理后用干法发泡工艺、湿法工艺移上一层PU涂层，再用离型纸在其表面进行印花，再在表面进行颜色处理。
另外在不同的国家对这个Bicast leather是否属于genuine leather是有所不同的。比如中国和美，加都是把它归类于真皮的范畴的，可以称为Genuine leather而在新西兰则Bicast皮不属于Genuine leather的。
The use of terms like "leather", "genuine leather" or "100% leather" in relation to this bicast treatment is considered a misrepresentation and therefore not permitted in some countries, e.g., New Zealand.[1] Furniture made with bicast exhibits none of the characteristics associated withaniline leather; it will not develop a patina or suppleness nor otherwise "improve with age". With constant use the polyurethane layer may crack and split free of its backing.[2][3]
Modern technology permits up to three or four horizontal layers being taken from a single hide. The leather used in the backing of bicast is a thin layer, remaining after other layers have been removed for traditional leather work.[citation needed]
Furniture manufacturers[4] say that the main benefit of bicast leather is its price. Lower grades of leather can be used during the manufacturing process, and treating with polyurethane gives a uniform shine and a long-lasting "like new" appearance. Bicast leather looks best, they say, on furniture with taut seat cushions and pillows. It can easily be cleaned with a damp cloth. New bicast leather furniture can have a slight chemical smell, but this typically dissipates about a week after the piece is exposed to air.[5]
真皮和再生皮的比较。
http://www.bondedleather.ca/
Bonded leather in Comparison with Bicast Leather
A Bicast leather is also known as bycast leather, PU leather or split type leather. It has a polyurethane or vinyl layer attached to its surface before embossed. It was first used by shoe manufacturers and then later on assimilated by furniture manufacturers. Unlike bonded leather which resembles a genuine leather look and feel, bicast leather does not exhibit characteristic of genuine leather such as the feel of suppleness as it aged. With frequent use its polyurethane layer may split.
真皮当中的full grain 或者top grain或是correct grain的和bonded leather是不用比的，毫无疑问肯定是比bonded leather好很多的，当然其价格也没有可比性。
真皮沙发中，如果价格低的肯定就是bicast leather， bicast leather有好的差的，好的手感可以接近于头层皮，差的就和纸一样薄。
我觉得应该说是如果薄的bicast leather是还不如bonded leather 的。抑或可以这么理解，同样价格的沙发那么宁可选择bonded leather的，会比bicast leather更耐用。就是说买便宜的bicast leather的沙发，不如买同样价格的bonded leather 沙发。因为bicast leather的成本是比bonded leather要高的。
Bicast, on the other hand, does not age well. In fact, it cracks and peels in to it’s individual layers after it has seen too much friction. And, since the texture is actually embossed by a large factory press on to the polyurethane surface, the appeal of a unique, one-of-kind piece is no longer a factor.
Bicast leather最大的问题是不经用，随着时间的流逝，很容易开裂。
SPLIT LEATHER is the part that is left behind when the top layer is peeled off. It still has all the virtues of the original leather, but does not have any texture or colouring of its own, so it is always stamped with an artificial texture and dyed to give it colour. A good split leather can feel similar to top grain leather; a poor one can feel papery and unsupple.
Split leather就是二层皮，好的牛二层皮可能和头层皮一样的手感，差的就可能像纸一样单薄。
Bonded leather upholstery is a vinyl upholstery that contains about 17% leather fiber in its backing material. The vinyl is stamped to give it a leather-like texture. Bonded leather upholstery is durable and its manufacturing process is more environmentally-friendly than leather production.[citation needed]
Bonded leather upholstery和Bonded leather 是两个概念哦。Upholstery是外层装饰，Bonded leather upholstery是指这种vinyl upholstery塑料的装饰布的底层材料里含有17%的皮纤维。所以这种塑料会给人以皮的图案。
leatherette 就是人造革，仿皮的意思，也就是理解成genuine leather的反义词。
希望看完的同学对这些名词有了比较清楚的概念，至少去买沙发的时候多问几句皮的材料，人家解释起来你也能听得明白些。假如说卖家具的店员不能很正确的介绍沙发的材料，那么就别买。最好是在receipt上让他们写下来具体的皮的材料。比如是top grain还是bicast或者是bonded leather等。如果你买沙发的时候问是不是top grain leather还是bicast leather, 那么他们就会觉得你是内行的，不敢随便忽悠你，假如你问是不是Genuine leather，那么他们没准就会把bicast leather甚至bonded leather都说成是genuine leather了。
我一直认为一分钱一分货，但是不想被人蒙骗啊，花钱就得明白消费，该是什么材料就得是什么材料，不能说明明是bonded leather就告诉我说是genuine leather，明明是bicast leather告诉我是top grain leather.
（这篇帖子写了2天，我自己也搞清楚了很多名词了，但是毕竟我不是学这个专业的，如果有一些理解错误的地方，欢迎指正，共同探讨。这个帖子的主要目的是让同学们多了解皮革知识，在和卖家咨询的时候显得更专业，不容易被骗。尤其是英文名词方面，多知道总是有用的。）
不知道大家是否和我一样也经常被这些名词搞混，每次家具广告尤其是沙发的，经常会有不同的皮革描述，这些所谓的genuine leather， bonded leather, leatherette, leather match, full leather, top grain leather, full grain leather, split leather , 等到底是什么意思，有什么区别呢。
下面我详细介绍一下，下面的英文写得还是比较容易懂的，我把一些单词的意思加解释在里面了。
所谓的genuine leather中文翻译是真皮，”真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字眼，是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法。在消费者的观念中，“真皮”也具有非假的含义。它主要是由动物的皮加工而成。真皮种类繁多，品种多样，结构不同，品质各异，价格也相差悬殊。因此，真皮既是所有天然皮革的统称，也是商品市场上一个含糊的标识。 genuine leather也是一样的概念。
In general, leather is sold in four forms: 这里我们可以理解是皮（真皮）通常分为下面四种。
1. Full-grain leather refers to hides兽皮 that have not been sanded打磨, buffed抛光, or snuffed (as opposed to top-grain or corrected leather) to remove imperfections瑕疵 (or natural marks) on the surface of the hide. The grain remains allowing the fiber strength and durability. The grain also has breathability呼吸, resulting in less moisture from prolonged contact. Rather than wearing out, it will develop a patina over time. High quality leather furniture and footwear are often made from full-grain leather. Full-grain leathers are typically available in two finish types: aniline苯胺革 and semi-aniline半苯胺革。（是革的两种染色方式）
Full-grain Leather has not had the upper "top grain" and "split" layers separated. The upper section of a hide that previously contained the epidermis and hair, but were removed from the hide/skin.
Full grain leather没有把皮的头层和二层分离开，皮的表层是有毛发等，那些会被除去的。
Full-grain Leather是最高档的皮了，中文叫【全粒面革】，全粒面革指保留并使用动物皮本来表面（生长毛或鳞的一面）的皮革，也叫正面革。成革粒面层保持完整。粒面上大都经过涂饰，能清晰见到动物皮特有的毛孔和粒纹特征，可据以辨认该皮革由何种动物皮加工制成。全粒面革是皮革的主要品种。全粒面革用于制作绝大部分的革制品。全粒面革所用的原料要求伤残少的高等级原料皮，且加工要求也高，属高档皮革，并且因皮革的表面完整地保留在革上，其坚牢性能好，全粒面皮革表面不经涂饰或涂饰很薄，保持了皮革的柔软弹性和良好的透气性，其制成品舒适、耐久、美观。
2. Top-grain leather (the most common type used in upper end leather products) is the second-highest quality. It has had the "split" layer separated away, making it thinner and more pliable than full-grain. Its surface has been sanded and a finish coat added to the surface which results in a colder, plastic feel with less breathability, and it will not develop a natural patina. It is typically less expensive and has greater resistance to stains than full-grain leather, so long as the finish remains unbroken.
国内常说的头层皮，Top grain是仅次于full grain leather的皮了。
3. Corrected-grain leather is any leather that has had an artificial grain applied to its surface. The hides used to create corrected leather do not meet the standards for use in creating vegetable-tanned （植鞣革）or aniline leather（苯胺革）. The imperfections are corrected or sanded off, and an artificial grain impressed into the surface and dressed with stain or dyes. Most corrected-grain leather is used to make pigmented leather as the solid pigment helps hide the corrections or imperfections. Corrected grain leathers can mainly be bought as two finish types: semi-aniline（半苯胺革） and pigmented（涂料革）.
修正粒面皮革(Corrected-grain leather)，修面革是表面的皮纹被磨光的皮革，比全粒面皮革的质量要差。一般表面涂漆、烫花来掩饰无皮纹的缺陷。利用磨革机将表面轻魔后进行涂饰，再压上相应的花纹而制成的。实际上是对带有伤残或粗糙的天然革面进行了“整容”。此种革几乎失掉了原有的表面状态。
4. Split leather is leather created from the fibrous part of the hide left once the top-grain of the rawhide has been separated from the hide. During the splitting operation剖层, the top grain头层 and drop split 底层are separated. The drop split底层 can be further split (thickness allowing如果厚度够的话) into a middle split 中间层and a flesh split内面层. In very thick hides, the middle split can be separated into multiple layers until the thickness prevents further splitting. Split leather then has an artificial layer applied to the surface of the split and is embossed with a leather grain (bycast leather). Splits are also used to create suede. The strongest suedes are usually made from grain splits (that have the grain completely removed) or from the flesh split that has been shaved to the correct thickness. Suede is "fuzzy" on both sides. Manufacturers use a variety of techniques to make suede from full-grain. A reversed suede is a grained leather that has been designed into the leather article with the grain facing away from the visible surface. It is not considered to be a true form of suede.[3]
Split leather常说是二层皮. 也常叫bicast leather.
二层革：是厚皮用片皮机剖层而得，头层用来做top grain或修面革，二层经过涂饰或贴膜等系列工序制成二层革，它的牢度耐磨性较差，是同类皮革中最廉价的一种。二层牛皮其反面是牛皮的第二层皮料，在表面涂上一层PU树脂，所以也称贴膜牛皮。其价格较便宜，利用率高。其随工艺的变化也制成各种档次的品种。
底层的皮因为厚度的不同，往往还可能被分离成更多的层，如二层，三层皮，当然就是很薄的了。
Split层也经常被用来做成起毛皮革(Suede)，又称翻毛皮革，是将皮革从中间剖开而造成毛绒表面。因为厚度只有修正粒面皮革的1/2以下，起毛皮革质地更不结实。有些时候厂家把起毛皮革表面上胶，压出皮纹来模仿全粒面皮革的外观。
其他名词：
Full Leather means the complete sofa is made by 100% Leather without any other artificial material in the surface. This applies to sofa set and sectionals.
这个Full leather的翻译是全皮，你可以理解就是整个沙发的表面都是皮的就是genuine leather(不管它是头层，二层，反正都是皮)，没有任何其他人造革的材料。而很多的沙发是和人接触部分是Genuine leather，其他背后及底部都是人造革的，这种就叫Leather match.
Leather Match generally means the front area wherever will possibly touch customers skin is in Genuine Leather and other part is Artificial Material like Vinyl（[化]乙烯基 是塑料的一种）, PU, etc.
“Faux Leather” or “Leather Match”
Don’t be fooled by these terms it is all Polyurethane聚亚安酯! However, don’t be put off by the use of PU, it is a way to REDUCE the price of a chair, is hard wearing and tough, and is an excellent match with the leather. Mostly it is used on the non-contact areas of a chair, with the sole purpose of reducing the price saving you money!
“Faux Leather” or “Leather Match”是仿皮，通常用在沙发的不和人体接触的部分，用来降低成本。
PU Leather is synthetic leather合成皮 or artificial leather人造革. It is made by polyurethane聚亚安酯，塑料的一种. Thickness of the PU leather will define its price. Normally PU leather is less durable than real leather and more environmental friendly. It is ideally for animal concern customers and designed for light usage sofa.
Vinyl is best-known for being a substitute for leather. It may be called "faux leather" or "fake leather." Vinyl is a kind of plastic resin made from chlorine and ethylene. The name "vinyl" is actually derived from its full name of "polyvinylchloride" (PVC). Vinyl是塑料的一种
Italian Leather is commonly known leather made in Italy or leather made by using Italian Techniques. Producers in Italy use a variety of labor sources, with much of the process of leather production being done by hand. Hides are carefully inspected before treatment, with only the best hides being accepted, and quality checks are carried out at every stage of the way. Many producers specialize in full grain leather, leather from the top of the hide which is famous for its suppleness and quality. Italian producers tend to use high quality dyes and chemicals in their products, producing consistent, durable, long-lasting leather products. 意大利皮，这个毫无疑问也是价格最为昂贵的，一般都是用的全粒面皮。
The following are not "true" leathers, but contain leather material. Depending on jurisdiction, they may still be labeled as "Genuine Leather":
下面两种不是真正的皮，但是根据不同的角度范围，经常也会被人称为Genuine leather 真皮. 它们是最广泛的用来制作沙发的皮革。
Bonded leather, or "reconstituted leather", is composed of 90% to 100% leather fibers (often scrap from leather tanneries or leather workshops) bonded together with latex binders to create a look and feel similar to that of leather at a fraction of the cost. This bonded leather is not as durable as other leathers and is recommended for use only if the product will be used infrequently.
BONDED LEATHER再生皮，可以这么理解，再生皮和真皮的关系就类似于复合板和木板的关系，大家知道家具用的复合板是用碎木再生的，而bonded leather就是把真皮的碎料重新再生的皮，通常是由90~100%的真皮组成的。所以某些时候也被人称为”真皮”。
Bonded leather兼有真皮和PU的特点，是现今非常通用的家具皮革、皮具、沙发皮革的高档材料。同真皮一样，再生皮具有吸湿、透气性，做工好的还具有真皮一样的柔软度、弹性，质地轻、对极端的高低温耐受力强、耐磨。其不足之处是强度差于同等厚度的真皮，由于再生皮革的生产工艺比较灵活、可以实时调整，因此通过增加天然乳胶的用量，改动工艺配方，同样可以作出各种不同软硬度，不同强度的产品来弥补她本身的不足。其后期的表面贴膜处理与PU类似，在表面纹路及颜色上再生皮革也是花色不但翻新、新品层出不穷通过。更重要的是BONDED LEATHER极具竞争性的价格，非常超值，性价比高。
Bicast leather (also known as bycast leather, split leather or PU. leather) is a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface and then embossed. Bycast was originally made for the shoe industry for glossy shoes, and recently was adopted by the furniture industry. The resulting product has an artificially consistent texture that is easier to clean and maintain. The original formula created by Bayer was strong but expensive. Most of the bycast used today is a very strong and durable product. The result is a slightly stiffer product that is cheaper than top grain leather but has a much more consistent texture and is easier to clean and maintain.
这个Bicast或者Bycast leather 是属于split leather就是二层皮或者从二层皮中再分出来的，是属于真皮中最廉价的一种。
Bycast Leather：是PU贴膜牛皮革专用名称， 二层牛皮皮胚经过处理后用干法发泡工艺、湿法工艺移上一层PU涂层，再用离型纸在其表面进行印花，再在表面进行颜色处理。
另外在不同的国家对这个Bicast leather是否属于genuine leather是有所不同的。比如中国和美，加都是把它归类于真皮的范畴的，可以称为Genuine leather而在新西兰则Bicast皮不属于Genuine leather的。
The use of terms like "leather", "genuine leather" or "100% leather" in relation to this bicast treatment is considered a misrepresentation and therefore not permitted in some countries, e.g., New Zealand.[1] Furniture made with bicast exhibits none of the characteristics associated withaniline leather; it will not develop a patina or suppleness nor otherwise "improve with age". With constant use the polyurethane layer may crack and split free of its backing.[2][3]
Modern technology permits up to three or four horizontal layers being taken from a single hide. The leather used in the backing of bicast is a thin layer, remaining after other layers have been removed for traditional leather work.[citation needed]
Furniture manufacturers[4] say that the main benefit of bicast leather is its price. Lower grades of leather can be used during the manufacturing process, and treating with polyurethane gives a uniform shine and a long-lasting "like new" appearance. Bicast leather looks best, they say, on furniture with taut seat cushions and pillows. It can easily be cleaned with a damp cloth. New bicast leather furniture can have a slight chemical smell, but this typically dissipates about a week after the piece is exposed to air.[5]
真皮和再生皮的比较。
http://www.bondedleather.ca/
Bonded leather in Comparison with Bicast Leather
A Bicast leather is also known as bycast leather, PU leather or split type leather. It has a polyurethane or vinyl layer attached to its surface before embossed. It was first used by shoe manufacturers and then later on assimilated by furniture manufacturers. Unlike bonded leather which resembles a genuine leather look and feel, bicast leather does not exhibit characteristic of genuine leather such as the feel of suppleness as it aged. With frequent use its polyurethane layer may split.
真皮当中的full grain 或者top grain或是correct grain的和bonded leather是不用比的，毫无疑问肯定是比bonded leather好很多的，当然其价格也没有可比性。
真皮沙发中，如果价格低的肯定就是bicast leather， bicast leather有好的差的，好的手感可以接近于头层皮，差的就和纸一样薄。
我觉得应该说是如果薄的bicast leather是还不如bonded leather 的。抑或可以这么理解，同样价格的沙发那么宁可选择bonded leather的，会比bicast leather更耐用。就是说买便宜的bicast leather的沙发，不如买同样价格的bonded leather 沙发。因为bicast leather的成本是比bonded leather要高的。
Bicast, on the other hand, does not age well. In fact, it cracks and peels in to it’s individual layers after it has seen too much friction. And, since the texture is actually embossed by a large factory press on to the polyurethane surface, the appeal of a unique, one-of-kind piece is no longer a factor.
Bicast leather最大的问题是不经用，随着时间的流逝，很容易开裂。
SPLIT LEATHER is the part that is left behind when the top layer is peeled off. It still has all the virtues of the original leather, but does not have any texture or colouring of its own, so it is always stamped with an artificial texture and dyed to give it colour. A good split leather can feel similar to top grain leather; a poor one can feel papery and unsupple.
Split leather就是二层皮，好的牛二层皮可能和头层皮一样的手感，差的就可能像纸一样单薄。
Bonded leather upholstery is a vinyl upholstery that contains about 17% leather fiber in its backing material. The vinyl is stamped to give it a leather-like texture. Bonded leather upholstery is durable and its manufacturing process is more environmentally-friendly than leather production.[citation needed]
Bonded leather upholstery和Bonded leather 是两个概念哦。Upholstery是外层装饰，Bonded leather upholstery是指这种vinyl upholstery塑料的装饰布的底层材料里含有17%的皮纤维。所以这种塑料会给人以皮的图案。
leatherette 就是人造革，仿皮的意思，也就是理解成genuine leather的反义词。
希望看完的同学对这些名词有了比较清楚的概念，至少去买沙发的时候多问几句皮的材料，人家解释起来你也能听得明白些。假如说卖家具的店员不能很正确的介绍沙发的材料，那么就别买。最好是在receipt上让他们写下来具体的皮的材料。比如是top grain还是bicast或者是bonded leather等。如果你买沙发的时候问是不是top grain leather还是bicast leather, 那么他们就会觉得你是内行的，不敢随便忽悠你，假如你问是不是Genuine leather，那么他们没准就会把bicast leather甚至bonded leather都说成是genuine leather了。
我一直认为一分钱一分货，但是不想被人蒙骗啊，花钱就得明白消费，该是什么材料就得是什么材料，不能说明明是bonded leather就告诉我说是genuine leather，明明是bicast leather告诉我是top grain leather.
（这篇帖子写了2天，我自己也搞清楚了很多名词了，但是毕竟我不是学这个专业的，如果有一些理解错误的地方，欢迎指正，共同探讨。这个帖子的主要目的是让同学们多了解皮革知识，在和卖家咨询的时候显得更专业，不容易被骗。尤其是英文名词方面，多知道总是有用的。）
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
5793的床有King size, Queen size, Full size的，没有Twin size.
Cal 5793K (2) King Platform Bed PU $ 569.00
Cal 5793 (2) Queen Platform Bed $ 389.00
Cal 5793F (2) Full Platform Bed $ 379.00
上面的价格都是retail price. 再打折扣。
5793平时是备货在美国加州仓库的，所以多伦多没有库存，订货后大概需要4~5周可以提货，所以现在订，可以赶上10月初提货。
一般订货的流程是：
1.发邮件给我，lilyzhanca@gmail.com，写上要订购的家具型号和数量。
2.我会回复正式的报价。
3.支付定金，通常是50%的总额。可以是支付到Streamline或者如果是下班时间可以送到我家或者是上门取或者约个地方都行，以大家方便为主。会提供正式收据。
4.然后我就会下单给工厂。
5.货到后确定日期取货。（发货前要支付全款。）
发货日期开始计算的1年为质保期。因为家具经过1年的春夏秋冬，该有问题的就体现出来了，1年内如果没有问题，以后一般就不会再有问题了。
5793的床有King size, Queen size, Full size的，没有Twin size.
Cal 5793K (2) King Platform Bed PU $ 569.00
Cal 5793 (2) Queen Platform Bed $ 389.00
Cal 5793F (2) Full Platform Bed $ 379.00
上面的价格都是retail price. 再打折扣。
5793平时是备货在美国加州仓库的，所以多伦多没有库存，订货后大概需要4~5周可以提货，所以现在订，可以赶上10月初提货。
一般订货的流程是：
1.发邮件给我，lilyzhanca@gmail.com，写上要订购的家具型号和数量。
2.我会回复正式的报价。
3.支付定金，通常是50%的总额。可以是支付到Streamline或者如果是下班时间可以送到我家或者是上门取或者约个地方都行，以大家方便为主。会提供正式收据。
4.然后我就会下单给工厂。
5.货到后确定日期取货。（发货前要支付全款。）
发货日期开始计算的1年为质保期。因为家具经过1年的春夏秋冬，该有问题的就体现出来了，1年内如果没有问题，以后一般就不会再有问题了。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
Staple 的电脑椅50% off
Staples Bonded-Leather Multifunction Manager's Chair, Black
SAVE 50%
Offer Valid Until October 23, 2012! Available Online and In-Stores. While Quantities Last.
Price After Savings: $149.99
http://www.staples.ca/ENG/Catalog/cat_sku.asp?CatIds=74,77,3877,3878&webid=825028&affixedcode=WW
这个挺合算的，我刚告诉一个朋友，他马上就去Staple买了个回来呢。
Staple 的电脑椅50% off
Staples Bonded-Leather Multifunction Manager's Chair, Black
SAVE 50%
Offer Valid Until October 23, 2012! Available Online and In-Stores. While Quantities Last.
Price After Savings: $149.99
http://www.staples.ca/ENG/Catalog/cat_sku.asp?CatIds=74,77,3877,3878&webid=825028&affixedcode=WW
这个挺合算的，我刚告诉一个朋友，他马上就去Staple买了个回来呢。
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
Costco 的老板椅
Costco的这款椅子虽然不是特价，但是其价格也相当的不错了。
Executive Bonded Leather Chair with Coil Spring Seat Espresso
Your Price$199.99
Shipping & Handling Included
而且是免费送货到家的。
http://www.costco.ca/Executive-Bond...l-Spring-Seat--Espresso.product.10366329.html
Costco 的老板椅
Costco的这款椅子虽然不是特价，但是其价格也相当的不错了。
Executive Bonded Leather Chair with Coil Spring Seat Espresso
Your Price$199.99
Shipping & Handling Included
而且是免费送货到家的。
http://www.costco.ca/Executive-Bond...l-Spring-Seat--Espresso.product.10366329.html
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
Costco: Jonah 4-pc. Leather Set
Costco的这款沙发就是前面我们介绍的Top grain leather的，现在促销的特价是800 off，
Price Reduction from 10/01/12 to 10/14/12
Online Price$3,499.99
Less-$800.00
Your Price$2,699.99
四件套包括1+2+3+ottoman，整套的价格折扣后是2699.99， 已经包含运费。对于这个级别的皮来说这个价格很不错了。
Set includes: Sofa, loveseat, chair and ottoman
Burgundy-brown top grain leather
Hand matched leather splits on outside back and sides
就是说面上的（指的是屁股坐的和背上靠的，两边扶手的地方）皮都是top grain的，而沙发背后的和两边侧面的皮就是split的。通常很少有全部都用top grain，因为那样的价格太贵了，而且没有必要，因为背后和两边的皮根本就不会接触到人的，
http://www.costco.ca/Jonah-4-pc.-Leather-Set.product.10395874.html
Costco: Jonah 4-pc. Leather Set
Costco的这款沙发就是前面我们介绍的Top grain leather的，现在促销的特价是800 off，
Price Reduction from 10/01/12 to 10/14/12
Online Price$3,499.99
Less-$800.00
Your Price$2,699.99
四件套包括1+2+3+ottoman，整套的价格折扣后是2699.99， 已经包含运费。对于这个级别的皮来说这个价格很不错了。
Set includes: Sofa, loveseat, chair and ottoman
Burgundy-brown top grain leather
Hand matched leather splits on outside back and sides
就是说面上的（指的是屁股坐的和背上靠的，两边扶手的地方）皮都是top grain的，而沙发背后的和两边侧面的皮就是split的。通常很少有全部都用top grain，因为那样的价格太贵了，而且没有必要，因为背后和两边的皮根本就不会接触到人的，
http://www.costco.ca/Jonah-4-pc.-Leather-Set.product.10395874.html
回复: 多伦多家具介绍
关于occasional table的介绍
通常国内管这种叫茶几或者花柜，边桌等等，而这里归类叫occasional table, 常见的有以下四种。因为我自己一开始就也搞错过，最近有几个同学来订货的时候也对这几种table 的名字搞混了，所以觉得有必要再给大家解释一下。
1. Coffee Tables / Cocktail Tables
"Coffee" and "cocktail" are two terms used in reference to the same type of table. Coffee tables are low and usually placed in front of a couch to hold a beverage, the remote control and reading material. As is the case with all occasional tables, they are made of various materials, including glass, steel, wood and rattan. They are often used for display of objects such as coffee table books, when the tables are not being utilized. Coffee tables are put to use in living and family rooms, on furnished porches and in any other seating area.
这个就是放在沙发前面的那个叫Coffee Tables 或者 Cocktail Tables，不同叫法但是一个东西，通常用来放茶水饮料，遥控器，书报读物等。
2. Console Tables / Sofa Tables
Console tables and sofa tables are one in the same. They are long, rectangular tables that stand just higher than waist height on the average adult. Consoles are meant to go against a wall. They take on the name "sofa table" when placed behind a floating sofa, or a sofa that does not have its back to the wall. The original console tables were elaborately carved and gilded in precious metals. Consoles are most often placed in foyers, hallways, dining rooms and living rooms as an extra surface for lamps, decorative accents, mail, purses and car keys.
这个sofa table曾经被我错误的以为是沙发前的那个茶几，而其实不是的，sofa table是长方形的比coffee table要高，通常是靠墙放的，用来放一些小摆设或者台灯，装饰品的，也通常用来放钱包，车钥匙等。
3. End Tables
End tables, as the name implies, are made to sit either end of a bed, couch or any other type of seating. Manufacturers often sell occasional table sets, which includes one coffee table for in front of the couch and two end tables for either side. The end table is a taller, smaller-surfaced version of a coffee table in that it acts as a catch-all. They are most often used for things like table lamps, telephones, coasters and framed photographs. End tables are sometimes used in the bedroom in place of nightstands. The difference between the two is that a nightstand has drawer and shelf storage, and most end tables do not.
end table，国内叫边桌，这个还是比较容易理解，而且不大会搞混的，是放在沙发边的正方形的小桌子，比sofa table矮，但是比coffee table高。一般用来放台灯，相框，电话等。也有人放在卧室里替代床头柜，end table和night table的区别是，后者带抽屉，前者一般不带抽屉。有个别带抽屉也是很小的一层，而night table（床头柜）都是一般2个大抽屉的。
4. Nesting Tables / Nested Tables
Nesting tables, also called nest-of-tables or nested tables, are a series of three or more occasional tables that are graduated in size to fit beneath one another. They are similar in style to end tables, and in some cases, the largest of the set is equal in proportion to an end table. Smaller nesting tables come in handy when an extra surface is temporarily needed. Apartment dwellers and those with small spaces often use the largest nesting table as an end table, storing the smaller ones underneath until they are needed. Certain styles of nesting tables---set side-by-side---easily convert to an impromptu coffee table.
nesting table就是这种一组的小桌子，大小不等的，有的2个一套，有的三个一套，通常可以层叠放在一起不占地方。根据需要来使用，一般如果住在apartment的地方小，可以买这种桌子。宜家很多这种nesting table可以选择，一套的价格在100刀以内。
关于occasional table的介绍
通常国内管这种叫茶几或者花柜，边桌等等，而这里归类叫occasional table, 常见的有以下四种。因为我自己一开始就也搞错过，最近有几个同学来订货的时候也对这几种table 的名字搞混了，所以觉得有必要再给大家解释一下。
1. Coffee Tables / Cocktail Tables
"Coffee" and "cocktail" are two terms used in reference to the same type of table. Coffee tables are low and usually placed in front of a couch to hold a beverage, the remote control and reading material. As is the case with all occasional tables, they are made of various materials, including glass, steel, wood and rattan. They are often used for display of objects such as coffee table books, when the tables are not being utilized. Coffee tables are put to use in living and family rooms, on furnished porches and in any other seating area.
这个就是放在沙发前面的那个叫Coffee Tables 或者 Cocktail Tables，不同叫法但是一个东西，通常用来放茶水饮料，遥控器，书报读物等。
2. Console Tables / Sofa Tables
Console tables and sofa tables are one in the same. They are long, rectangular tables that stand just higher than waist height on the average adult. Consoles are meant to go against a wall. They take on the name "sofa table" when placed behind a floating sofa, or a sofa that does not have its back to the wall. The original console tables were elaborately carved and gilded in precious metals. Consoles are most often placed in foyers, hallways, dining rooms and living rooms as an extra surface for lamps, decorative accents, mail, purses and car keys.
这个sofa table曾经被我错误的以为是沙发前的那个茶几，而其实不是的，sofa table是长方形的比coffee table要高，通常是靠墙放的，用来放一些小摆设或者台灯，装饰品的，也通常用来放钱包，车钥匙等。
3. End Tables
End tables, as the name implies, are made to sit either end of a bed, couch or any other type of seating. Manufacturers often sell occasional table sets, which includes one coffee table for in front of the couch and two end tables for either side. The end table is a taller, smaller-surfaced version of a coffee table in that it acts as a catch-all. They are most often used for things like table lamps, telephones, coasters and framed photographs. End tables are sometimes used in the bedroom in place of nightstands. The difference between the two is that a nightstand has drawer and shelf storage, and most end tables do not.
end table，国内叫边桌，这个还是比较容易理解，而且不大会搞混的，是放在沙发边的正方形的小桌子，比sofa table矮，但是比coffee table高。一般用来放台灯，相框，电话等。也有人放在卧室里替代床头柜，end table和night table的区别是，后者带抽屉，前者一般不带抽屉。有个别带抽屉也是很小的一层，而night table（床头柜）都是一般2个大抽屉的。
4. Nesting Tables / Nested Tables
Nesting tables, also called nest-of-tables or nested tables, are a series of three or more occasional tables that are graduated in size to fit beneath one another. They are similar in style to end tables, and in some cases, the largest of the set is equal in proportion to an end table. Smaller nesting tables come in handy when an extra surface is temporarily needed. Apartment dwellers and those with small spaces often use the largest nesting table as an end table, storing the smaller ones underneath until they are needed. Certain styles of nesting tables---set side-by-side---easily convert to an impromptu coffee table.
nesting table就是这种一组的小桌子，大小不等的，有的2个一套，有的三个一套，通常可以层叠放在一起不占地方。根据需要来使用，一般如果住在apartment的地方小，可以买这种桌子。宜家很多这种nesting table可以选择，一套的价格在100刀以内。
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回复: 多伦多家具介绍
二手办公家具
又有一批二手办公家具，成色很新。有需要的朋友和我联系。
有桌子，椅子，书架，文件柜等等。
刚才问了价格如下：
Desk - $50/each
Open bookcase - $30/each
Closed bookcase with doors - $50/each
Chairs $25/each
Metal filing cabinet - vertical drawer $20/each, lateral drawer $30/each
先挑的可以挑到很新的。
二手办公家具
又有一批二手办公家具，成色很新。有需要的朋友和我联系。
有桌子，椅子，书架，文件柜等等。
刚才问了价格如下：
Desk - $50/each
Open bookcase - $30/each
Closed bookcase with doors - $50/each
Chairs $25/each
Metal filing cabinet - vertical drawer $20/each, lateral drawer $30/each
先挑的可以挑到很新的。
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最后编辑: 2012-11-27
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