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Mortality rate
Mortality rate is a measure of the number of
deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from
morbidity rate, which refers to the number of individuals in poor health during a given time period (the
prevalence rate) or the number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time (
incidence rate). The term "
mortality" is also sometimes inappropriately used to refer to the number of deaths among a set of diagnosed hospital cases for a disease or injury, rather than for the general population of a country or ethnic group. This disease mortality statistic is more precisely referred to as "
case fatality".
One distinguishes:
- The crude death rate, the total number of deaths per year per 1000 people. As of July 2009[update] the crude death rate for the whole world is about 8.37 per 1000 per year according to the current CIA World Factbook.[1]
- The perinatal mortality rate, the sum of neonatal deaths and fetal deaths (stillbirths) per 1000 births.
- The maternal mortality ratio, the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in same time period.
- The maternal mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths per 1,000 women of reproductive age in the population (generally defined as 15-44 years of age) .
- The infant mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1000 live births.
- The child mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 5 years old per 1000 live births.
- The standardised mortality ratio (SMR)- This represents a proportional comparison to the numbers of deaths that would have been expected if the population had been of a standard composition in terms of age, gender, etc.[2]
- The age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) - This refers to the total number of deaths per year per 1000 people of a given age (e.g. age 62 last birthday).
死亡率
死亡率是用来衡量一部分人口中、一定规模的人口大小、每单位时间的
死亡数目(整体或归因于指定因素)。死亡率通常以每年每一千人为单位来表示;因此在死亡率为 9.5 的 10 万人口中,表示这一人口中每年死去 950 人。死亡率有别于
发病率,发病率是指一定规模的人口在一定时间内罹患该病新增加例数(发病率)。患病率是指一定时间一定规模人群中某病新旧病例总和。
辨别:
- 粗死亡率,每 1000 人的死亡总数。
- 新生儿死亡率,每 1000 个出生未满一个月的婴儿和胎死(死产儿)的和。
- 孕产妇死亡率,每 10 万个死于生产过程的死亡数。
- 幼儿死亡率,每 1000 个出生小于一岁的死亡数。
- 标准死亡率(SMR)或特定年龄死亡率(ASMR),特定年龄(例如 16-65 或 65 以上)中每 1000 人的死亡总数。
死亡率=当区当年
死亡人数*1000/当区当年年中
人口数‰。
死亡率可以得知一个地区的
卫生习惯和
医疗品质。通常越先进的国家死亡率越低,越落后的国家死亡率越高。