学员问:张玎老师,为什么我去健身房,健身房的教练说减肥就好低脂肪饮食。然而咱们训练营里说,减肥要低碳水高脂肪饮食。把我都搞蒙圈了。 哈哈,这个问题,问的好。 减肥,到底是低碳水饮食有效还是低脂肪饮食有…
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第一,这篇文章讲的是低碳水饮食糖尿病人的,不能直接推广到其他人群。而且这篇文章是典型的“只
提供一方证据”式误导。
第二,低碳水饮食对糖尿病人短期内有好处,长期还缺乏证据。
至少在目前,低碳水饮食对糖尿病人的影响还是个未知数。下图是我在NCBI用 low carbohydrate diet diabetes 作为关键词搜出来的论文,best match里的三篇,前二篇的结论一个是:
The LCD intervention also had a positive effect on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations,
but without significant effect on long term weight loss. 对长期减重没有显著效果。
另一篇是:
Overall, there is no conclusive evidence that the degree of weight loss or the duration of reduced weight maintenance are significantly affected by dietary macronutrient quantity beyond effects attributable to caloric intake. Further work is needed. 没有结论性证据显示饮食中主要营养素结构的变化,可以比(减少)热量摄入更能导致减肥。(对此问题)需要更进一步的研究。
第三篇更直接:
(1) any diet type resulting in reduced energy intake will result in weight loss and related favorable metabolic and functional changes; (2) short-term LCHF studies show both favorable and less desirable effects; (3) sustained adherence to a ketogenic LCHF diet appears to be difficult. A non-ketogenic diet supplying 100-150 g carbohydrate/day, under good control, may be more practical. (4) There is lack of data supporting long-term efficacy, safety and health benefits of LCHF diets. Any recommendation should be judged in this light. (5) Lifestyle intervention in people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while maintaining a relative carbohydrate-rich diet, results in long-term prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes and is generally seen as safe.
1)任何减少热量摄入的饮食都可以导致减重和相应的代谢和功能变化;2)短期研究显示低碳水饮食(对体重的影响)有支持的也有不那么支持的;3)生酮饮食依从性很差,如果把碳水化合物增加到100-150克/天,在良好的控制下更具有操作性;4)低碳水饮食的长期影响、安全性和健康益处缺乏数据支持;任何类似推荐应明了这个前提;5)对于可能发生2型糖尿病的高危人群,相对高碳水饮食可以长期防止进展到2型糖尿病,因此可以被认为是安全的。