回复: 你用什么锅炒菜？ 不沾底锅（non-stick） 还是 不锈钢锅(stainless)
http://www.cancer.ca/ccs/internet/standard/0,3182,3172_1295614293__langId-en,00.html
Teflon™ and non-stick cookware and cancer risk
Non-stick cookware has raised concerns among the public about its possible association with increased risk of cancer. One concern is that cooking with non-stick products may increase cancer risk. Another concern is that potential cancer-causing chemicals used to make non-stick products are released into the environment during manufacturing.
Teflon and other brands
Cooking with non-stick cookware
Chemicals used to make non-stick products
What Canada is doing
What the Canadian Cancer Society is doing
What other countries are doing
Teflon and other brands
Non-stick cookware refers to cookware with a non-stick coating. All non-stick cookware is made up of a chemical called PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). The same chemical is used to make GORE-TEX fabrics and some industrial products, such as specialized electronic wire insulation, hoses and gaskets.
Teflon is the brand name for DuPont’s non-stick cookware, but many other companies (for example T-Fal and Silverstone) also make non-stick cookware.
Cooking with non-stick cookware
The fumes given off from non-stick cookware used at higher temperatures are harmful to your health. Health Canada states that: “Non-stick coatings are a risk if they are heated to temperatures greater than 350°C or 650°F”.
Some studies show that heating non-stick coatings to 300°C (572°F) can create fumes that contain a suspected cancer-causing chemical (tetrafluoroethene-TFE) and several chemicals that are toxic to humans.
Currently, there is no evidence that eating small quantities of non-stick coating that has flaked off into your food is bad for you.
The use of non-stick cookware to reduce the amount of butter or oil used in cooking may be good for your health, but you should not use cookware with non-stick coatings at high temperature or leave it empty or unattended on a hot stove or in a hot oven. Empty pans can reach higher temperatures more quickly than pans containing food.
You should not use non-stick cookware for broiling or other high temperature baking and cooking. Temperature settings vary between appliances but as an example, olive oil typically begins to smoke at 210°C (410°F), below Health Canada’s recommended maximum temperature for using non-stick coatings (350°C/650°F).
Health Canada, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration do not advise against using non-stick coatings or other products containing PTFE, if used properly.
Chemicals used to make non-stick products
A number of chemicals are used to make non-stick cookware including TFE, a known carcinogen, which may also be present in the fumes given off by non-stick cookware used at high heat.
Another chemical used during the making of non-stick coating, PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), may be present at very low levels in the cookware, according to at least one study. Some studies have shown that exposure to PFOA over long periods of time may be linked to cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer, though this research is not conclusive and is continuing. Several studies show that PFOA causes cancer in laboratory animals. Based on these and other studies, the majority of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Scientific Advisory Board believes that PFOA likely causes cancer.
PFOA has also been found in higher-than-expected amounts in humans and in our environment. Research into the source of these chemicals in humans and the environment is ongoing.
What Canada is doing
Health Canada advises against using cookware with non-stick coatings at high temperatures (above 350°C/ 650°F).
Health Canada and Environment Canada are currently assessing the potential health risks of exposure to PFOA. Their draft report is due in fall 2006 or early 2007. This assessment is part of a larger action plan to assess a group of related chemicals called PFCAs (perfluorinated carboxylic acids). Some PFCAs are believed to be of greater concern for human health than others, and the recent move to prevent the introduction of four such chemicals in Canada until further studies can be completed is part of the action plan.
Health Canada provides information on other cookware including anodized aluminum. Anodized aluminum surfaces are sometimes referred to as non-stick surface as well, but are scratch resistant, can be used at higher temperatures and are made without the use of PTFE or PFOA.
What the Canadian Cancer Society is doing
We are providing this information to the public about non-stick cookware because we know Canadians are concerned. We will continue to monitor this issue and will update our information if warranted. We will advocate where appropriate about this issue.
What other countries are doing
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency continues to study PFOA and in January 2006 invited manufacturers of PFOA to reduce and eventually phase out emissions and product content levels of PFOA and related chemicals.
The European Union is funding PERFORCE, an industry-paired consortium studying environmental exposure of certain PFCA-related substances.
Suggested Links:
Canada
Health Canada, non-stick cookware
Environment Canada, PFCA Action Plan
United States
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PFOA information page
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Scientific Advisory Board Report
Europe
PERFORCE
